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Abstract

Discusses the issues involved in the development of data formats for computerized information retrieval systems. Integrated databases capable of holding both bibliographic and factual information, in a single database structure, are more convenient for searching and retrieval by end users. Several bibliographic formats have been developed and are used for these bibliographic control puposes. Reviews features of 6 major bibliographic formats: USMARC, UKMARC, UNIMARC, CCF, MIBIS and ABNCD are reviewed. Only 2 formats: CCF and ABNCD are capable of holding both bibliographic and factual information and supporting the design of integrated databases. The comparison suggests that, while CCF makes more detailed provision for bibliographic information, ABNCD makes better provision for factual information such as profiles of institutions, information systems, projects and human experts

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Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of research and application that explores how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text or speech to do useful things. NLP researchers aim to gather knowledge an how human beings understand and use language so that appropriate tools and techniques can be developed to make computer systems understand and manipulate natural languages to perform desired tasks. The foundations of NLP lie in a number of disciplines, namely, computer and information sciences, linguistics, mathematics, electrical and electronic engineering, artificial intelligence and robotics, and psychology. Applications of NLP include a number of fields of study, such as machine translation, natural language text processing and summarization, user interfaces, multilingual and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), speech recognition, artificial intelligence, and expert systems. One important application area that is relatively new and has not been covered in previous ARIST chapters an NLP relates to the proliferation of the World Wide Web and digital libraries.

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Abstract

Reference services have taken a central place in library and information services. They are also regarded as personalised services since in most cases a personal discussion takes place between a user and a reference librarian. Based on this, the librarian points to the sources that are considered to be most appropriate to meet the specific information need(s) of the user. Since the Web and digital libraries are meant for providing direct access to information sources and services without the intervention of human intermediaries, the pertinent question that appears is whether we need reference services in digital libraries, and, if so, how best to offer such services. Current digital libraries focus more on access to, and retrieval of, digital information, and hardly lay emphasis on the service aspects. This may have been caused by the narrower definitions of digital libraries formulated by digital library researchers. This paper looks at the current state of research in personalised information services in digital libraries. It first analyses some representative definitions of digital libraries in order to establish the need for personalised services. It then provides a brief overview of the various online reference and information services currently available on the Web. The paper also briefly reviews digital library research that specifically focuses on the personalisation of digital libraries and the provision of digital reference and information services. Finally, the paper proposes some new areas of research that may be undertaken to improve the provision of personalised information services in digital libraries.

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Footnote

Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.8, S.398-400 (A.R. Brellochs): " ... An der faktisch gegebenen Positionierung als Textbuch für Information Retrieval, einigen Themenfeldern der Informationsvermittlung und des Bibliothekswesens ist zwar grundsätzlich nichts auszusetzen. Leider führt aber die Vielzahl der behandelten Themen dazu, dass trotz des Umfangs von gut 500 Seiten manche für das IR wichtige Themen nur sehr knapp abgehandelt wurden. Diese thematische Überbreite macht den Band leider als generelle Einführung für Leser ohne fachlichen Hintergrund in Informations- oder Bibliothekswissenschaft ungeeignet, denn für diese ist ein großer Teil des Buches nicht ausreichend verständlich.
In die Irre führt den unbedarften Leser auf jeden Fall der im Titel postulierte Anspruch, eine Einführung in Information Retrieval zu leisten. Gegenüber dem Leser wäre es ehrlicher, den Titel des Buches entsprechend thematisch zu erweitern, oder aber sich tatsächlich auf das angegebene Gebiet zu konzentrieren. Eine solche Verschlankung um nicht eigentlich für das Verständnis der IR-Konzepte notwendige Materialien täte dem Titel sicher sehr gut und würde auch dessen weitere Verbreitung außerhalb des Informationswesens ermöglichen. Die für die aktuelle Auflage durchgeführte Aktualisierung und Erweiterung bleibt leider an verschiedenen Stellen etwas an der Oberfläche. Man muss deshalb konstatieren, dass die Stärke des Bandes eher in der thematischen Breite liegt, als darin, wirklich einen erschöpfenden Einblick in das Information Retrieval zu geben. Für eine grundlegende Einführung in IR lässt Chowdhury zwar inhaltlich nur wenig vermissen, doch die Kohärenz der Darstellung und die didaktische Aufbereitung des Stoffes sind auf jeden Fall ausbaufähig, um den Ansprüchen an ein Lehrbuch gerecht werden zu können, das auch im Selbststudium durchgearbeitet werden kann. Diese Schwäche ist allerdings auch der Informationswissenschaft selbst anzulasten, die (im Gegensatz etwa zur Informatik) bisher keine allgemein anerkannte Fachdidaktik hervor gebracht hat. Trotz der besprochenen Desiderate ist der Titel bereits jetzt eine empfehlenswerte Ergänzung zu Vorlesungen in den behandelten Gebieten, wenn man einen fachlichen Hintergrund in Bibliotheksoder Informationswissenschaft voraussetzt."