Search (1355 results, page 2 of 68)

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Abstract

Business process re-engineering (or redesign) has achieved mixed results in business and industry but it offers an approach to thinking about the future of academic libraries in the digital age that is worth considering. This paper outlines the forces that are currently affecting academic libraries in the UK and proposes a strategy whereby the transformation from the handling of artefacts to the handling of electronic sources may be effected with maximum benefit to the information user.

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Abstract

State of the art review of computerized chemical structure handling and the way in which the need for representation of chemical structures and structure diagrams, by computer software, has created a sub domain of information retrieval that integrates the requirements of research chemists for graph-theoretic algorithms with the database designs of computer science. Identifies and discusses the current research topics and selected portions of the literature, particularly during the period of its most rapid expansion between 1989 and 1996

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Abstract

Purpose - Seeks to share with digital library practitioners the development process of an online image collection that integrates the syndetic structure of a controlled vocabulary to improve end-user search and browse functionality. Design/methodology/approach - Surveys controlled vocabulary structures and their utility for catalogers and end-users. Reviews research literature and usability findings that informed the specifications for integration of the controlled vocabulary structure into search and browse functionality. Discusses database functions facilitating query expansion using a controlled vocabulary structure, and web application handling of user queries and results display. Concludes with a discussion of open-source alternatives and reuse of database and application components in other environments. Findings - Affirms that structured forms of browse and search can be successfully integrated into digital collections to significantly improve the user's discovery experience. Establishes ways in which the technologies used in implementing enhanced search and browse functionality can be abstracted to work in other digital collection environments. Originality/value - Significant amounts of research on integrating thesauri structures into search and browse functionalities exist, but examples of online resources that have implemented this approach are few in comparison. The online image collection surveyed in this paper can serve as a model to other designers of digital library resources for integrating controlled vocabularies and metadata structures into more dynamic search and browse functionality for end-users.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Data compression has a function in text storage and data handling, but not at the level of compressing data files. The reason is that the decompression of such files add a time delay to the retrieval process, and users can see this delay as a drawback of the system concerned. Compression techniques can with benefit be applied to index files. A more relevant data handling problem is that posed by the need, in most systems, to store two versions of imported text. The first id the 'native' version, as it might have come from a word processor or text editor. The second is the ASCII version which is what is actually imported. Inverted file indexes form yet another version. The problem arises out of the need for dynamic indexing and re-indexing of revisable documents in very large database applications such as are found in Office Automation systems. Four mainstream text-management packages are used to show how this problem is handled, and how generic document architectures such as OCA/CDA and SGML might help

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Abstract

Describes WorldWideWeb (WWW) software developed at CERN to provide hypertext links to the resources on the Internet telecommunications network. Outlines how to access WWW, itd features and approach to handling of multiple document types on multiplatform servers and to multiple clients

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Abstract

Reviews Caere PageKeeper, a document management application with integrated OCR intended for single-system users or small workgroups. Key features are: document handling of both text and image, automatic indexing of significant words in documents, image compression, e-mail and document annotation faciliites. Describe system requirements, installation, document input, organization, indexing, searching, viewing and annotating

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Abstract

Attempts to gauge the user friendliness of the system. Lists a number of recommendations for the development of the user friendliness of the system, the handling of error messages and the training of users

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Abstract

Compares 5 browsers for searching WWW: NCSA Mosaic (version 2.0 alpha 7 for Windows); Cello (version 1.01a); Netscape Navigator for MS Windows (version 0.94 beta) EINet's Web; Internet Works Lite (version 1.0). Compares: speed and setup, HTTP handling, FTP, Telnet, Gopher and WAIS, bookmarks, e-mial and news communications functions

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Abstract

Reviews 3 leading edge approaches to information retrieval software currently on the market: Krakatoa, from Information Handling Services; Excalibur Technologies, incorporating ConQuest Technologies; and the Hybrid Distributed Database, in which text encoding is combined with Structured Query Language

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Abstract

Reviews briefly hypertext techniques in information handling and retrieval and defines its salient features. Focuses on its strengths and weaknesses as a teaching tool and its potential impact on education

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Abstract

Considers aspects of language and linguistic studies that directly affect information handling including: electronic word processing (hyphenation, spelling correction, dictionary-based synonym provision); man-machine communication; machine understanding of spoken language; automatic indexing; and machine translation

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Abstract

Contains about 5.000 terms in one alphabetical sequence, incorporating 6 themes (information sources, information handling, computers and telecommunications, management, research methodology and publishing)

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Abstract

The concept of Information Resource Management has been used as a working model in a project which aims at improving the awareness of information handling in Danish industrial companies. Describes the content of the project and the results which have been obtained until now, almost half way through the project. An important part of the project has been to analyse and describe the actual situation of information handling in 3 companies and to come up with proposals for improvements to the problems encountered. Some of the practical experiences gained during that process are described.

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Content

Why use Java? Object oriented primer. Java applets. The Java language. Branching and looping. Graphics. Animation and multithreading. Handling exceptions. The Java.awt package. Handling events. Windows, dialogs and menus. Input and output streams. Modifiers and packages. Java and C++

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Abstract

Libraries have become an established part of scientific and social cultures and provide an essential mechanism for storing, preserving and sharing documentary records of various types of human endeavour. In recent years, new information handling technologies have emerged and these have significantly influenced the basic nature of conventional paper based libraries and have created a need for new types of 'electronic library'. Discusses some of the changes that have taken place within library systems as a consequence of the emergence of new computerized information handling techniques and presents case studies which outline various developments taking place at the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Computing and Mathematics, Teeside University, UK, relating to the creation of electronic books and dynamic electronic libraries, including the Open Access Student Information Service (OASIS)

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Abstract

The technical and administrative problems involved in the storage, handling, and retrieval of library information are emphasized throughout this detailed account of the present equipment used. Reference is made to previous studies and suggestions given for future research. Particular attention is paid to the need for fundamental systems studies and for full investigation of the requirements of the scholar. The author concludes that the problem was proceeded in a piecemeal and 'gadget' fashion and stresses the need for more detailed analysis of the usefulness and economic justification of each separate piece of machinery, without, however, losing sight of the problem in its entirely. By way of practical illustration a method for making the recources of Harvard University's Lamont Library available to all colleges is suggested at the end.

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Abstract

The Alexandria Digital Library Project announces the online publication of two protocols to support querying and response interactions using distributed services: one for gazetteers and one for thesauri. These protocols have been developed for our own purposes and also to support the general interoperability of gazetteers and thesauri on the web. See <http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~gjanee/gazetteer/> and <http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~gjanee/thesaurus/>. For the gazetteer protocol, we have provided a page of test forms that can be used to experiment with the operational functions of the protocol in accessing two gazetteers: the ADL Gazetteer and the ESRI Gazetteer (ESRI has participated in the development of the gazetteer protocol). We are in the process of developing a thesaurus server and a simple client to demonstrate the use of the thesaurus protocol. We are soliciting comments on both protocols. Please remember that we are seeking protocols that are essentially "simple" and easy to implement and that support basic operations - they should not duplicate all of the functions of specialized gazetteer and thesaurus interfaces. We continue to discuss ways of handling various issues and to further develop the protocols. For the thesaurus protocol, outstanding issues include the treatment of multilingual thesauri and the degree to which the language attribute should be supported; whether the Scope Note element should be changed to a repeatable Note element; the best way to handle the hierarchical report for multi-hierarchies where portions of the hierarchy are repeated; and whether support for searching by term identifiers is redundant and unnecessary given that the terms themselves are unique within a thesaurus. For the gazetteer protocol, we continue to work on validation of query and report XML documents and on implementing the part of the protocol designed to support the submission of new entries to a gazetteer. We would like to encourage open discussion of these protocols through the NKOS discussion list (see the NKOS webpage at <http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/>) and the CGGR-L discussion list that focuses on gazetteer development (see ADL Gazetteer Development page at <http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/gazetteer>).

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Are we at a turning point in digital information? The expansion of the internet was unprecedented; search engines dealt with it in the only way possible - scan as much as they could and throw it all into an inverted index. But now search engines are beginning to experiment with deep web searching and attention to taxonomies, and the semantic web is demonstrating how much more can be done with a computer if you give it knowledge. What does this mean for the skills and focus of the information science (or sciences) community? Should information designers and information managers work more closely to create computer based information systems for more effective retrieval? Will information science become part of computer science and does the rise of the term informatics demonstrate the convergence of information science and information technology - a convergence that must surely develop in the years to come? Issues and questions such as these are reflected in this monograph, a collection of essays written by some of the most pre-eminent contributors to the discipline. These peer reviewed perspectives capture insights into advances in, and facets of, information science, a profession in transition. With an introduction from Jack Meadows the key papers are: Meeting the challenge, by Brian Vickery; The developing foundations of information science, by David Bawden; The last 50 years of knowledge organization, by Stella G Dextre Clarke; On the history of evaluation in IR, by Stephen Robertson; The information user, by Tom Wilson A; The sociological turn in information science, by Blaise Cronin; From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics, by Peter Willett; Health informatics, by Peter A Bath; Social informatics and sociotechnical research, by Elisabeth Davenport; The evolution of visual information retrieval, by Peter Enser; Information policies, by Elizabeth Orna; Disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling, by Barry Mahon; Electronic scholarly publishing and open access, by Charles Oppenheim; Social software: fun and games, or business tools? by Wendy A Warr; and, Bibliometrics to webometrics, by Mike Thelwall. This monograph previously appeared as a special issue of the "Journal of Information Science", published by Sage. Reproduced here as a monograph, this important collection of perspectives on a skill set in transition from a prestigious line-up of authors will now be available to information studies students worldwide and to all those working in the information science field.

Content

Inhalt: Fifty years of UK research in information science - Jack Meadows / Smoother pebbles and the shoulders of giants: the developing foundations of information science - David Bawden / The last 50 years of knowledge organization: a journey through my personal archives - Stella G. Dextre Clarke / On the history of evaluation in IR - Stephen Robertson / The information user: past, present and future - Tom Wilson / The sociological turn in information science - Blaise Cronin / From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics: 50 years of chemical information science - Peter Willett / Health informatics: current issues and challenges - Peter A. Bath / Social informatics and sociotechnical research - a view from the UK - Elisabeth Davenport / The evolution of visual information retrieval - Peter Enser / Information policies: yesterday, today, tomorrow - Elizabeth Orna / The disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling: a European perspective - Barry Mahon / Electronic scholarly publishing and Open Access - Charles Oppenheim / Social software: fun and games, or business tools ? - Wendy A. Warr / Bibliometrics to webometrics - Mike Thelwall / How I learned to love the Brits - Eugene Garfield

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 62(2009) H.3, S.95-99 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser ansehnliche Band versammelt 16 Beiträge und zwei Editorials, die bereits 2008 als Sonderheft des Journal of Information Science erschienen sind - damals aus Anlass des 50. Jahrestages der Gründung des seit 2002 nicht mehr selbständig existierenden Institute of Information Scientists (IIS). Allgemein gesprochen, reflektieren die Aufsätze den Stand der Informationswissenschaft (IW) damals, heute und im Verlauf dieser 50 Jahre, mit Schwerpunkt auf den Entwicklungen im Vereinigten Königreich. Bei den Autoren der Beiträge handelt es sich um etablierte und namhafte Vertreter der britischen Informationswissenschaft und -praxis - die einzige Ausnahme ist Eugene Garfield (USA), der den Band mit persönlichen Reminiszenzen beschließt. Mit der nunmehrigen Neuauflage dieser Kollektion als Hardcover-Publikation wollten Herausgeber und Verlag vor allem einen weiteren Leserkreis erreichen, aber auch den Bibliotheken, die die erwähnte Zeitschrift im Bestand haben, die Möglichkeit geben, das Werk zusätzlich als Monographie zur Aufstellung zu bringen. . . . Bleibt die Frage, ob eine neuerliche Publikation als Buch gerechtfertigt ist. Inhaltlich besticht der Band ohne jeden Zweifel. Jeder, der sich für Informationswissenschaft interessiert, wird von den hier vorzufindenden Texten profitieren. Und: Natürlich ist es praktisch, eine gediegene Buchpublikation in Händen zu halten, die in vielen Bibliotheken - im Gegensatz zum Zeitschriftenband - auch ausgeliehen werden kann. Alles andere ist eigentlich nur eine Frage des Budgets." Weitere Rez. in IWP 61(2010) H.2, S.148 (L. Weisel); JASIST 61(2010) no.7, S.1505 (M. Buckland); KO 38(2011) no.2, S.171-173 (P. Matthews): "Armed then with tools and techniques often applied to the structural analysis of other scientific fields, this volume frequently sees researchers turning this lens on themselves and ranges in tone from the playfully reflexive to the (parentally?) overprotective. What is in fact revealed is a rather disparate collection of research areas, all making a valuable contribution to our understanding of the nature of information. As is perhaps the tendency with overzealous lumpers (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters), some attempts to bring these areas together seem a little forced. The splitters help draw attention to quite distinct specialisms, IS's debts to other fields, and the ambition of some emerging subfields to take up intellectual mantles established elsewhere. In the end, the multidisciplinary nature of information science shines through. With regard to future directions, the subsumption of IS into computer science is regarded as in many ways inevitable, although there is consensus that the distinct infocentric philosophy and outlook which has evolved within IS is something to be retained." Weitere Rez. in: KO 39(2012) no.6, S.463-465 (P. Matthews)

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung

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Abstract

The first studies of online catalog use demonstrated that the problems of too many and too few retrievals plagued the earliest online catalog users. Despite 15 years of system development, implementation, and evaluation, these problems still adversely affect the subject searches of today's online catalog users. In fact, the large-retrievals problem has grown more acute due to the growth of online catalog databases. This paper explores the use of library classifications for consolidating and summarizing high-posted subject searches and for handling subject searches that result in no or too few retrievals. Findings are presented in the form of generalization about retrievals and library classifications, needed improvements to classification terminology, and suggestions for improved functionality to facilitate the display of retrieved titles in online catalogs

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Abstract

Topics concerning the Classification of Byzantine literature and, generally, of Byzantine texts are discussed, analyzed and made clear. The time boundaries of this period are described as well as the kinds of published material. Schedule PA (Supplement) of the Library of Congress Classification is discussed and evaluated as far as the handling of Byzantine literature is concerned. Schedule PA is also mentioned, as well as other relevant categories. Based on the results regarding the manner of handling Classical literature texts, it is concluded that a) Early Christian literature and the Fathers of the Church must be excluded from Class PA and b) in order to achieve a uniform, continuous, consistent and reliable classification of Byzantine texts, they must be treated according to the method proposed for Classical literature by the Library of Congress in Schedule PA.