Search (1959 results, page 3 of 98)

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Abstract

Sears List of Subject Headings (Miller and McCarthy 2010), first published in 1923, is now in its 20th edition. Like most subject headings lists, apart from being a list of preferred (and non-preferred) headings, it also provides patterns, clear instructions, and examples for coining new subject headings not explicitly listed. Key headings form a vital part of the system of coining new headings. It is proposed that more key headings should be designated. Some candidate headings are described. One far-reaching provision seems to be the use of a subdivision of a preferred heading with all of its NTs. Thus, every preferred heading is a potential key heading for all of its NTs. This proposal works on the principle that what is true of a class is true of its narrower classes of all types. Applying this principle will enormously enhance the capacity of the List without adding even an iota to its text and size.

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

Scope notes from Library of Congress Subject Headings are examined for 1) adherence to principles enunciated in the introduction to the list; 2) peculiarities of subject headings associated with such notes; 3) the structure of the notes; and 4) typical patterns associated with certain categories of subject headings. Scope notes are shown to enable catalogers to apply subject headings consistently and readers to distinguish related headings knowledgeably.

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Abstract

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and a review of the lists of subject headings in this language reveals numerous efforts over a period of time, usually involving some form of collaboration, but largely isolated from each other. Technological developments suggest that a greater degree of cooperation is now possible and would be beneficial to the international library community if other barriers can be surmounted. The lcsh-es.org project demonstrates this concept in a practical way and suggest a new model for international cooperation in authority control. The site may be accessed at http://lcsh-es.org.

Content

Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada. Vgl. auch: http://www.ibiblio.org/fred2.0/wordpress/?p=20 (mit Grafik der Beziehung zwischen 'mammal' und 'doorbell')

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LCSH

Subject headings

Subject

Subject headings

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay" published in 'Cataloging & classification quarterly 1(1982) S.71-93' has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about LCSH. Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944-1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the LCSHs during the 1980s. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner

Footnote

Vgl. auch den Vorgänger: Kirtland, M., P.A. Cochrane: Critical views of LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1982) no.2/3, S.71-93. und den Nachfolger: Fischer, K.S.: Critical views of LCSH, 1990-2001: the third bibliographic essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 41(2005) no.1, S.x-xx.

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Abstract

Describes a consultancy project for the development of a health care thesaurus involving the movement of text between different application programs. The thesaurus was built from existing text within the organisation originating from 3 sources: natural language registry file headings; descriptions from an internal business directory and a controlled vocabulary. The software used was WordPerfect and Cardbox

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Field

Lebensmittel und Ernährung

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Abstract

Ende September vergangenen Jahres hat die Europäische Kommission ihre Strategie verkündet, Europas geschriebenes und audiovisuelles Erbe im Internet verfügbar zu machen. Durch die Umsetzung des historischen und kulturellen Erbes Europas in digitale Inhalte können Europas Bürger es für ihre Studien, ihre Arbeit oder ihre Freiheit nutzen und erhalten Innovatoren, Künstler und Unternehmer das benötigte Rohmaterial. Die Kommissi on schlägt eine konzertierte Anstrengung der EU-Mitgliedstaaten vor, um dieses Erbe zu digitalisieren, zu bewahren und es allen verfügbar zu machen. Sie legt einen ersten Satz von Maßnahmen auf europäischer Ebene vor und fordert mittels einer Online-Konsultation zu Stellungnahmen zu einer Reihe von Fragen auf (Ende der Antwortfrist ist der 20. Januar 2006). Die Beiträge werden in einen Vorschlag für eine Empfehlung über die Digitalisierung und digitale Aufbewahrung eingehen, der im Juni 2006 vorgelegt werden soll.

Content

"»Ohne kollektives Gedächtnis sind wir nichts und können nichts erreichen. Es definiert unsre Identität, und wir nutzen es ständig für unsere Bildung, unsere Arbeit und unsere Freizeit«, bemerkte die für die Informationsgesellschaft und die Medien zuständige EU-Kommissarin Reding. »Das Internet ist unser mächtigstes neues Werkzeug für die Speicherung und gemeinsame Nutzung von Informationen seit der Druckpresse von Gutenberg. So lasst uns es verwenden, um das Material in Europas Bibliotheken und Archiven allen verfügbar zu machen«. Ján Figel', für Bildung und Kultur zuständiger EU-Kommissar, fügte hinzu: »Auf diesem Gebiet ist die europäische Zusammenarbeit eine offensichtliche Notwendigkeit: Es geht darum, die Bewahrung unseres gemeinsamen kulturellen Erbes und den Zugang zu ihm für künftige Generationen sicherzustellen.« Es ist nicht einfach, die Ressourcen in Europas Bibliotheken und Archiven im Internet verfügbar zu machen. Einerseits sprechen wir über sehr unterschiedliche Materialien - Bücher, Filmfragmente, Fotos, Manuskripte, Reden und Musik. Andererseits müssen wir aus enormen Mengen auswählen - zum Beispiel aus 2,5 Milliarden Büchern und gebundenen Zeitschriften in Europas Bibliotheken und Millionen von Stunden Film und Video in den Archiven von Sendeanstalten. In der Mitteilung der Kommission werden drei wichtige Maßnahmenbereiche genannt: Digitalisierung, Online-Verfügbarkeit und digitale Aufbewahrung. In den Mitgliedstaaten gibt es zurzeit mehrere, aber unkoordinierte und teilweise widersprüchliche Initiativen. Um die Schaffung gegenseitig unvereinbarer Systeme und Doppelarbeit zu vermeiden, schlägt die Kommission vor, dass die Mitgliedstaaten und die großen kulturellen Einrichtungen sich den Bemühungen der EU anschließen, digitale Bibliotheken in ganz Europa Wirklichkeit werden zu lassen. Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels sind unter anderem eine private Beteiligung und öffentlich-private Partnerschaften wichtig. Die Kommission ihrerseits wird die Koordinierungsarbeiten verstärken und über ihre Forschungsprogramme und das Programm eContentplus zur Finanzierung beitragen:
Die Ergebnisse einer OnlineKonsultation über Fragen der Digitalisierung und der digitalen Aufbewahrung (2005) werden in den Vorschlag der Kommission für eine Empfehlung eingehen (2006). Auch werden ihre Ergebnisse bei anderen relevanten Initiativen berücksichtigt, wie der Überprüfung der Urheberrechtsvorschriften der EU (2006) und der Durchführung der FuE-Programme der Gemeinschaft (2007). Eine hochrangige Gruppe zum Thema digitale Bibliotheken wird die Kommission darüber beraten, wie die genannten Herausforderungen auf europäischer Ebene am besten bewältigt werden können. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten wird durch eine Aktualisierung des Lund-Aktionsplans erleichtert, der praktische Hinweise über die Durchführung der Digitalisierung enthält (2005), sowie durch quantitative Indikatoren zur Messung der Fortschritte. Um eine europaweite Koordinierung sicherzustellen, wird die Kommission mit kulturellen Einrichtungen, wie etwa den Staatsbibliotheken und den Pflichtexemplarbibliotheken, zusammenarbeiten. In der 5. Aufforderung zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen während des sechsten Forschungsrahmenprogramms (2005) hat die Kommission 36 Millionen Euro für Forschungsarbeiten über den modernen ZugangzuunseremkulturellenErbe und die digitale Aufbewahrung zur Verfügung gestellt. Während des siebten Rahmenprogramms (RP7) werden die Forschungsarbeiten über Digitalisierung, digitale Aufbewahrung und den Zugang zu kulturellen Inhalten erheblich verstärkt, und zwar unter anderem über ein Netz von Kompetenzzentren auf dem Gebiet der Digitalisierung und Aufbewahrung (2007). Zwischen 2005 und 2008 wird außerdem das Programm eContentplus 60 Millionen Euro beisteuern, um die nationalen digitalen Sammlungen und Dienste interoperabel zu machen und den mehrsprachigen Zugang zum kulturellen Material und dessen Nutzung zu erleichtern. Digitale Bibliotheken sind eine der Vorreiterinitiativen der von der Kommission am 1. Juni 2005 verabschiedeten Initiative »i2010 - Eine europäische Informationsgesellschaft für Wachstum und Beschäftigung«."

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Abstract

Describes the Hebrew subject headings developed by the staff of the Hebrew Cataloguing Department, Bar-Ilan Univ. Library, Israel. The history of the development of the subject headings is followed by a discussion of how the library began assigning subject headings. Discusses the problems of translating and adapting LCSH and creating new subject headings in Hebrew

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Content

Sammlung von 12 Vorträgen der 'Clinic on library applications of data processing' des Jahres 1990

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Issue

Vol.1: List of headings. Vol.2: Keyword index.

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Abstract

Two proposals are presented which affect the Library of Congress's subject headings for art: abandonment of the structure used in headings like "Art, French" and assignment of genre headings for some types of reproductions of an artist's work.

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Abstract

The Technical Services Committee of the Women's Studies Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, investigated the assignment of subject headings (LCSH) to core works in women's studies. Annotations for the works were compared with subject headings on OCLC cataloguing copy, mainly created by the Library of Congress. Identifies inadequates and traces them to 3 sources: inadequacies in terminology (sexist langugae, limited and biased concepts and imprecise headings); complexities of assigning headings in interdisciplinary and / or emerging fields; and standard cataloguing practices. Lists sample concepts and existing established LCSH missing lacking in bibliographical records and sample concepts lacking adequate established subject headings. Presents recommendations for remedying these problems

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Abstract

Many kinds of structure can be discerned in the headings and rules governing the Library of Congress Subject Headings. By addressing these structures at different levels, librarians can develop different approaches to the machine-assisted validation of subject headings, from the checking of individual words to the validation of complex forms of heading/subdivision compatibility. Using computer programs to assist with maintenance of subject headings is becoming increasingly necessary as technical services librarians strive to create consistent and useful patterns of subject collocation in library catalogs

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

Seven clusters of headings on three levels of generalization, listed in Library of Congress Subject Headings, 9th edition, representing types of concepts pertaining to the study of society, society itself, and its various types of social units, are analyzed for their hierarchical relationships. Eighty-three headings in the clusters Sociology and Family are found to be overrelated, while 112 headings are underrelated in Social structure. Community, Social institutions. Age groups and social classes. Suggestions are offered for restructuring some hierarchical relationships, and the need for the development of a comprehensive code for establishing headings is emphasized.

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Abstract

Analyses the hierarchical structure of subject headings in the cluster of the social sciences in the 12th ed. of the LCSH. Recommends some headings presently in the cluster for elimination, and suggests some not related at present. Headings pertinent to social processes, social organisation, and culture are grouped in 3 social clusters: action theory, culture, and social structure. Makes suggestions for establishing new subject headings. The intention of these changes is to create the cluster of headings corresponding to the social theory of present day and reflecting interrelationships among social phenomena and levels of generalisation

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Abstract

This paper presents a study that assessed the feasibility of applying the approach of the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST), an initiative of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), to records in the Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.? The goal is to determine whether a simplified application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), as illustrated by FAST, would benefit the Ulrich's system. This feasibility study found that although a few problems were encountered in the process, overall the FAST database was useful for converting Ulrich's subject headings into FAST headings.

Object

Ulrich's subject headings

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Footnote

Antwort auf: Henige, D.: Library of Congress Subject Headings: is euthanasia the answer?

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Abstract

Describes a study to investigate end user understanding of subdivided subject headings in their current form and in the form proposed by the first recommendation of the Library of Congress Subject Subdivisions Conference. The impetus for this study was a charge by the Subject Analysis Committee of the ALA to respond to the first recommendation of the LC Subject Subdivisions Conference that proposed standardizing the order of subject subdivisions. Questionnaires bearing subdivided subject headings in the 'current' form and in the form proposed were distributed to users and professional cataloguers who were asked for the meaning of individual headings. The end users' responses to cataloguers' responses were compared to determine end users' level of understanding of subdivided subject headings. An analysis of end user interpretations demonstrated that they interpreted the meaning of subject headings in the same manner as cataloguers about 40% of the time for 'current' forms of subject headings and about 32% of the time for 'proposed' forms of subject headings. Concludes with specific recommendations about the first recommendation of the LC Subject Subdivisions Conference and general recommendations about increasing end user understanding of subdivided subject headinbgs

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Object

Sears List of Subject Headings