Search (1202 results, page 3 of 61)

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Abstract

This paper presents the first large-scale investigation of the users and uses of WorldCat.org, the world's largest bibliographic database and global union catalog. Using a mixed-methods approach involving focus group interviews with 120 participants, an online survey with 2,918 responses, and an analysis of transaction logs of approximately 15 million sessions from WorldCat.org, the study provides a new understanding of the context for global union catalog use. We find that WorldCat.org is accessed by a diverse population, with the three primary user groups being librarians, students, and academics. Use of the system is found to fall within three broad types of work-task (professional, academic, and leisure), and we also present an emergent taxonomy of search tasks that encompass known-item, unknown-item, and institutional information searches. Our results support the notion that union catalogs are primarily used for known-item searches, although the volume of traffic to WorldCat.org means that unknown-item searches nonetheless represent an estimated 250,000 sessions per month. Search engine referrals account for almost half of all traffic, but although WorldCat.org effectively connects users referred from institutional library catalogs to other libraries holding a sought item, users arriving from a search engine are less likely to connect to a library.

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Abstract

Data from multiple knowledge organization systems are combined to provide a global overview of the content holdings of a small personal library. Subject headings and classification data are used to effectively map the combined book and topic space of the library. While harvested and manipulated by hand, the work reveals issues and potential solutions when using automated techniques to produce topic maps of much larger libraries. The small library visualized consists of the thirty-nine, digital, English language books found in the Osama Bin Laden (OBL) compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan upon his death. As this list of books has garnered considerable media attention, it is worth providing a visual overview of the subject content of these books - some of which is not readily apparent from the titles. Metadata from subject headings and classification numbers was combined to create book-subject maps. Tree maps of the classification data were also produced. The books contain 328 subject headings. In order to enhance the base map with meaningful thematic overlay, library holding count data was also harvested (and aggregated from duplicates). This additional data revealed the relative scarcity or popularity of individual books.

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Abstract

Given the aging world, it is important to understand older adults' everyday life information seeking (ELIS), which plays a vital role in healthy aging in later life. The present study analyzed national survey data collected by the Pew Research Center in 2016 based on Savolainen's ELIS model. The model's core concept, mastery of life, was measured in terms of general coping style to find information (cognitive vs. affective) and expectations about the findability of necessary information (optimistic vs. pessimistic). Weighted multiregression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between mastery of life and ELIS behavior of older Americans (65 years or older) in terms of breath and depth of interest in everyday topics, holding other sociocultural and demographic factors constant. The results showed a cognitive, as opposed to affective, coping style was associated with a wider range of ELIS topics and a deeper level of interest in political and cultural topics. However, whether an individual had an optimistic or pessimistic perspective toward information seeking was not associated with the variety or depth of interest in everyday topics. Neither dimension was related to the depth of interest in sports topics. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications of the findings are provided.

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Content

"As a visual artist I am interested in the related practices of art and science - the ways we understand the natural world, what we identify as knowledge, and how we collect, organize, store, and represent information. It was with this sense of inquiry that I traveled to Uppsala, Sweden, to explore this centre of eighteenth-century scientific thinking and the legacy of western scientific classification systems. Botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, born in Sweden in 1707, developed our binomial system of classification. He classified plants, minerals, animals, and some diseases an the basis of likeness and difference. The residue of his life's work can still be found in the University of Uppsala herbarium and animal collections, in the city gardens, and in the preserved residences. I was searching for a transparent view into the early development of science, a view into the transitional period when knowledge became quantifiable and alienated from artistic practice. Linnaeus' legacy was rich with revealing residue. Displayed were examples of his botanical collages, metaphoric language in his writing, and drawings in his notebooks. His scientific practice took place in a domestic environment muck like an artist's studio. His private rooms were literally wall-papered with botanical prints. In his lived world, science and art were not separated as they are today. Naming and classifying was the foundation of Linnaeus' work. In his historic text, "Systemae Naturae", Linnaeus partitioned knowledge. The final category, "Litteraria", became a vulnerable addendum holding the sediment of unquantifiable language, resemblances, virtues, stories, living histories. Linnaeus' task - nothing less than the "nomination of the visible" - was to reduce the distance between things and language. In his philosophical treatise an botany, Linnaeus discussed the limiting and filtering of visible things in order to transcribe them into language. His goal was to create "botanical calligrams": "Displayed in themselves, emptied of all resemblances, cleansed even of their colours, visual representation will now at last provide natural history with what constitutes a proper object." My exhibition, "Texture of Knowledge", ("Der Stuff Des Wissens", B.I.S., Möchengladbach, Germany, 1997), contains images from collections photographed in Uppsala, images from other scientific sources, and from the fluxus of my studio practice. Working with the images in my studio, I was also limiting and filtering and placing forms side by side. The resulting images disturb the notion of "a proper object", and evoke a complex web of associations - perhaps, the lost "Litteraria". In the studio I was playing with the rhetoric of natural history display, breaking through the rectilinear framing, and introducing an incoherence into systematic logic."

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Abstract

All journals that use peer review have to deal with the following question: Does the peer review system fulfill its declared objective to select the best scientific work? We investigated the journal peer-review process at Angewandte Chemie International Edition (AC-IE), one of the prime chemistry journals worldwide, and conducted a citation analysis for Communications that were accepted by the journal (n = 878) or rejected but published elsewhere (n = 959). The results of negative binomial-regression models show that holding all other model variables constant, being accepted by AC-IE increases the expected number of citations by up to 50%. A comparison of average citation counts (with 95% confidence intervals) of accepted and rejected (but published elsewhere) Communications with international scientific reference standards was undertaken. As reference standards, (a) mean citation counts for the journal set provided by Thomson Reuters corresponding to the field chemistry and (b) specific reference standards that refer to the subject areas of Chemical Abstracts were used. When compared to reference standards, the mean impact on chemical research is for the most part far above average not only for accepted Communications but also for rejected (but published elsewhere) Communications. However, average and below-average scientific impact is to be expected significantly less frequently for accepted Communications than for rejected Communications. All in all, the results of this study confirm that peer review at AC-IE is able to select the best scientific work with the highest impact on chemical research.

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Abstract

The amount and complexity of information available in a digital form is already huge and new information is being produced every day. Retrieving information relevant to address a particular need becomes a significant issue. This work utilizes knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as thesauri and ontologies and applies information extraction (IE) and computational linguistics (CL) techniques to organize, manage and retrieve information stored in digital collections in the agricultural domain. Two real world applications of the approach have been developed and are available and actively used by the public. An ontology is used to manage the Water Conservation Digital Library holding a dynamic collection of various types of digital resources in the domain of urban water conservation in Florida, USA. The ontology based back-end powers a fully operational web interface, available at http://library.conservefloridawater.org. The system has demonstrated numerous benefits of the ontology application, including accurate retrieval of resources, information sharing and reuse, and has proved to effectively facilitate information management. The major difficulty encountered with the approach is that large and dynamic number of concepts makes it difficult to keep the ontology consistent and to accurately catalog resources manually. To address the aforementioned issues, a combination of IE and CL techniques, such as Vector Space Model and probabilistic parsing, with the use of Agricultural Thesaurus were adapted to automatically extract concepts important for each of the texts in the Best Management Practices (BMP) Publication Library--a collection of documents in the domain of agricultural BMPs in Florida available at http://lyra.ifas.ufl.edu/LIB. A new approach of domain-specific concept discovery with the use of Internet search engine was developed. Initial evaluation of the results indicates significant improvement in precision of information extraction. The approach presented in this work focuses on problems unique to agriculture and natural resources domain, such as domain specific concepts and vocabularies, but should be applicable to any collection of texts in digital format. It may be of potential interest for anyone who needs to effectively manage a collection of digital resources.

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Abstract

The discovery service (a search engine and service called WILBERT) used at our library at the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TUAS Wildau) is comprised of more than 8 million items. If we were to record all licensed publications in this tool to a higher level of articles, including their bibliographic records and full texts, we would have a holding estimated at a hundred million documents. A lot of features, such as ranking, autocompletion, multi-faceted classification, refining opportunities reduce the number of hits. However, it is not enough to give intuitive support for a systematic overview of topics related to documents in the library. John Naisbitt once said: "We are drowning in information, but starving for knowledge." This quote is still very true today. Two years ago, we started to develop micro thesauri for MINT topics in order to develop an advanced indexing of the library stock. We use iQvoc as a vocabulary management system to create the thesaurus. It provides an easy-to-use browser interface that builds a SKOS thesaurus in the background. The purpose of this is to integrate the thesauri in WILBERT in order to offer a better subject-related search. This approach especially supports first-year students by giving them the possibility to browse through a hierarchical alignment of a subject, for instance, logistics or computer science, and thereby discover how the terms are related. It also supports the students with an insight into established abbreviations and alternative labels. Students at the TUAS Wildau were involved in the developmental process of the software regarding the interface and functionality of iQvoc. The first steps have been taken and involve the inclusion of 3000 terms in our discovery tool WILBERT.

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Abstract

This study aims to identify the way researchers collaborate with other researchers in the course of the scientific research life cycle and provide information to the designers of e-Science and e-Research implementations. On the basis of in-depth interviews with and on-site observations of 24 scientists and a follow-up focus group interview in the field of bioscience/nanoscience and technology in Korea, we examined scientific collaboration using the framework of the scientific research life cycle. We attempt to explain the major motiBiochemistry is a highly funded research area that is typified by large research teams and is important for many areas of the life sciences. This article investigates the citation impact and Mendeley readership impact of biochemistry research from 2011 in the Web of Science according to the type of collaboration involved. Negative binomial regression models are used that incorporate, for the first time, the inclusion of specific countries within a team. The results show that, holding other factors constant, larger teams robustly associate with higher impact research, but including additional departments has no effect and adding extra institutions tends to reduce the impact of research. Although international collaboration is apparently not advantageous in general, collaboration with the United States, and perhaps also with some other countries, seems to increase impact. In contrast, collaborations with some other nations seems to decrease impact, although both findings could be due to factors such as differing national proportions of excellent researchers. As a methodological implication, simpler statistical models would find international collaboration to be generally beneficial and so it is important to take into account specific countries when examining collaboration.t only in the beginning phase of the cycle. For communication and information-sharing practices, scientists continue to favor traditional means of communication for security reasons. Barriers to collaboration throughout the phases included different priorities, competitive tensions, and a hierarchical culture among collaborators, whereas credit sharing was a barrier in the research product phase.

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Content

"When Randall C. Jimerson, the president of the Society of American Archivists, heard of Google's plan to convert certain holdings at Oxford University and at some of the leading research libraries in the United States into digital files, searchable over the Web, he asked, "What are they thinking?" Mr. Jimerson had worries. Who would select the material? How would it be organized and identified to avoid mountains of excerpts taken out of context? Would Google users eventually forgo the experience of holding a book or looking at a historicaldocument? But in recent interviews, many scholars and librarians applauded the announcement by Google, the operator of the world's most popular Internet search service, to digitize some of the collections at Oxford, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, Harvard and the New York Public Library. The plan, in the words of Paul Duguid, information specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, will "blast wide open" the walls around the libraries of world-class institutions.

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Classification

ET 400 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Allgemeines
ET 430 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Synchrone Semantik / Allgemeines (Gesamtdarstellungen)

RVK

ET 400 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Allgemeines
ET 430 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Synchrone Semantik / Allgemeines (Gesamtdarstellungen)

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Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 42(1995) H.5, S.465-480

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Abstract

SimTown wurde entwickelt, um Kindern die wichtigsten Konzepte der Wirtschaft (Angebot und Nachfrage), Ökologie (Rohstoffe, Umweltverschmutzung und Recycling) und Städteplanung (Gleichgewicht zwischen Wohnraum, Arbeitsplätzen und Erholungsstätten) auf einfache und unterhaltsame Art nahezubringen

Issue

PC CD-ROM Windows. 8 Jahre und älter.

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Abstract

Alte und neue Rechtschreibregeln

Issue

MS-DOS und Windows.

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Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.6/7, S.376-379

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Series

Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18

Source

Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler

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Abstract

Data is everywhere - praktisch bei allen wissenschaftlichen, staatlichen, gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten entstehen sie. Die Daten werden erzeugt durch Befragungen, mobile und eingebettete Systeme, Sensoren, Beobachtungssysteme, wissenschaftliche Instrumente, Publikationen, Experimente, Simulationen, Auswertungen und Analysen. Bürger, Wissenschaftler, Forschende und Lehrende kommunizieren durch den Austausch von Daten, Software, Veröffentlichungen, Berichte, Simulationen und Visualisierungen. Darüber hinaus führen die zunehmende Nutzung der visuellen Kommunikation für Unterhaltung und zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen sowie die rasche Zunahme der sozialen Netzwerke zu riesigen Datenmengen. Daten von Observatorien, Experimenten und Umweltüberwachung sowie aus der Genforschung und dem Gesundheitswesen generieren eine Größenordnung von Daten alle zwei Jahre, die weit über das Mooresche Gesetz hinausgeht - und dabei ist noch kein Ende in Sicht. Wissenschaftliche Publikationen sind Datengrundlage für die weitere wissenschaftliche Arbeit und Publikationen.

Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 60(2013) H.6, S.325-331

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Abstract

Mit dem Ziel, ihre Position als einer der führenden Hersteller von Bibliothekssystemen weiter auszubauen, übernimmt die OCLC PICA B.V. in Leiden (NL) die Sisis Informationssysteme GmbH in Oberhaching. Beide Unternehmen ergänzen sich hervorragend in technologischer Hinsichtwie auch im Servicebereich. Durch die entstehenden Synergien kann die neue, gestärkte Organisation ihre Produkte und Services künftig noch schneller und wirtschaftlicher anbieten.

Content

"Der stetige Wandel macht auch vor Bibliotheken nicht Halt. Immer wichtiger werden neue Geschäftsprozesse und die optimale Vernetzung der unterschiedlichen Arbeitsbereiche. Das Behaupten der Spitzenposition in diesem Markt erfordert ständige Investitionen und Ausbau der Ressourcen. Mit der Obernahme der Sisis Informationssysteme GmbH und den dort vorhandenen Kenntnissen und Fähigkeiten wurde ein effizienter Weg gefunden, die gegenwärtige Marktposition auszubauen und die Produktqualität weiter zu verbessern. Die Sisis Informationssysteme ist ein im Markt bekannter und erfolgreicher Anbieter von Bibliothekssystemen und Portallösungen mit Kunden in Deutschland, der Schweiz und den Niederlanden. Wie OCLC PICA suchte auch das Sisis Management nach Lösungen, um weiterhin in Produkte und Marktentwicklungen zu investieren und die erreichte Marktposition und Produktqualität auszubauen. Der erfolgte Zusammenschluss bietet hierfür die besten Voraussetzungen. Künftig werden OCLC PICA und Sisis ihre Technologien, Fähigkeiten und Methoden zum Vorteil ihrer Kunden gemeinsam nutzen und aufeinander abstimmen und einen besseren und vor allem kundennäheren Service anbieten können. Durch die Verstärkung des Entwicklungsbereichs kann der Ausbau der vorhandenen Produkte fachlich und funktional vorangetrieben werden. Die Kunden werden von der wechselseitigen Nutzung innovativer Komponenten und dem erweiterten Produktportfolio nur profitieren."

Footnote

Vgl.: www. oclcpica.org und www.sisis.de

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Abstract

Diese CD-ROM enthält eine multimediale Präsentation des Fachbereichs Informations- und Kommunikationswesen der FH Hannover, die über folgende Themen informiert: (1) Berufsbild der Informationspezialisten, Einsatzbereiche und Tätigkeiten (2) Geschichte des Fachbereichs, Gründung, Studentenzahlen, etc. (3) Vorstellung der Studiengänge des Fachbereichs unter Berücksichtigung der Berufsbilder, der Zulassungsbedingungen, der Studienorganisationen und der Praktikumsstellen (4) Ausstattung und Kapazitäten des Fachbereichs (5) Ausgewählte Diplom- und Projektarbeiten (6) Aktivitäten des Fachbereichs in Kooperation mit Partnerhochschulen, a.B. Auslandsprogramme und -projekte, Studenten-Summer-Seminare (7) Präsenz des Fachbereichs im WWW des Internet

Imprint

Hannover : FH, Fb Informations- und Kommunikationswesen

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Classification

ES 930 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Informationsbehandlung

RVK

ES 930 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Informationsbehandlung