Search (2000 results, page 3 of 100)

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Abstract

Scope notes from Library of Congress Subject Headings are examined for 1) adherence to principles enunciated in the introduction to the list; 2) peculiarities of subject headings associated with such notes; 3) the structure of the notes; and 4) typical patterns associated with certain categories of subject headings. Scope notes are shown to enable catalogers to apply subject headings consistently and readers to distinguish related headings knowledgeably.

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Abstract

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and a review of the lists of subject headings in this language reveals numerous efforts over a period of time, usually involving some form of collaboration, but largely isolated from each other. Technological developments suggest that a greater degree of cooperation is now possible and would be beneficial to the international library community if other barriers can be surmounted. The lcsh-es.org project demonstrates this concept in a practical way and suggest a new model for international cooperation in authority control. The site may be accessed at http://lcsh-es.org.

Content

Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada. Vgl. auch: http://www.ibiblio.org/fred2.0/wordpress/?p=20 (mit Grafik der Beziehung zwischen 'mammal' und 'doorbell')

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LCSH

Subject headings

Subject

Subject headings

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay" published in 'Cataloging & classification quarterly 1(1982) S.71-93' has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about LCSH. Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944-1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the LCSHs during the 1980s. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner

Footnote

Vgl. auch den Vorgänger: Kirtland, M., P.A. Cochrane: Critical views of LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1982) no.2/3, S.71-93. und den Nachfolger: Fischer, K.S.: Critical views of LCSH, 1990-2001: the third bibliographic essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 41(2005) no.1, S.x-xx.

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Abstract

Describes a consultancy project for the development of a health care thesaurus involving the movement of text between different application programs. The thesaurus was built from existing text within the organisation originating from 3 sources: natural language registry file headings; descriptions from an internal business directory and a controlled vocabulary. The software used was WordPerfect and Cardbox

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Field

Lebensmittel und Ernährung

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Abstract

Reports progress and future plans for a project to study the interactions of users with information retrieval interfaces. Tests are run with professional data base searchers and with end users who are members of a profession but have little or no searching experience. Interfaces tested include a command language search system used to search DIALOG bibliographic data bases, a non-procedural system that produces DIALOG commands, and several full text systems, including one using hypertext. The intent is to determine which kinds of users perform best with each type of interface. The project is being conducted jointly bay the University of Toronto and the University of Maryland

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Abstract

A 5th metadata workshop was held in Helsinki in Oct 1997, cosponsored by the National Library of Finland and OCLC, and 75 experts continued work begun in 1995 to try and reach consensus on conventions for describing resources on the Internet. Representatives of the W3C Metadata Project presented the 1st draft of a new specification for extended Web metadata: the Resource Description Framework (RDF), and demonstrated how this meets the infrastructure and encoding arrangements identified at the series of international Dublin Core workshops. W3C is an industry consortium run jointly by institutions in the USA, France and Japan, and currently has 210 members

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Abstract

Reviews STN Easy, a Web service that provides access to 2 dozen leading sci-tech databases which is produced jointly by the Chemical Abstracts Service of the American Chemical Society, Germany's FIZ-Karlsruhe, and Japan' SCience and Technology Corporation. It employs a graphical interface, relevance searching, and output based pricing. STN Easy is STN's solution for members of the technical community and others who are not users of the main STN service. The databases included the leading files in STN's major subject areas namely: SCISEARCH; Mathematics Abstracts; MEDLINE; EMBASE; BIOSIS; COMPENDEX; INSPEC; Worlds Patent Index; Inpadoc; US Patents Fulltext; PROMPT; and Chemical & Engineering News. Discusses searching; pricing; and the pros and cons of end user searching

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Abstract

Offers brief accounts of Internet search tools. Covers the Lycos revamp; the new navigation service produced jointly by Excite and Netscape, delivering a language specific, locally relevant Web guide for Japan, Germany, France, the UK and Australia; InfoWatcher, a combination offline browser, search engine and push product from Carvelle Inc., USA; Alexa by Alexa Internet and WBI from IBM which are free and provide users with information on how others have used the Web sites which they are visiting; and Concept Explorer from Knowledge Discovery Systems, Inc., California which performs data mining from the Web, Usenet groups, MEDLINE and the US Patent and Trademark Office patent abstracts

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Abstract

We present a new part-of-speech tagger that demonstrates the following ideas: (i) explicit use of both preceding and following tag contexts via a dependency network representation, (ii) broad use of lexical features, including jointly conditioning on multiple consecutive words, (iii) effective use of priors in conditional loglinear models, and (iv) fine-grained modeling of unknown word features. Using these ideas together, the resulting tagger gives a 97.24%accuracy on the Penn TreebankWSJ, an error reduction of 4.4% on the best previous single automatically learned tagging result.

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BK

54.08 / Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
71.31 / Geschlechter und ihr Verhalten

Classification

54.08 / Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
71.31 / Geschlechter und ihr Verhalten

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.11, S.1704 (D.E. Agosto): "Student participation in computer science (CS) has dropped significantly over the past few years in the United States. As the Computing Research Association (Vegso, 2006) recently noted, "After five years of decline, the number of new CS majors in fall 2005 was half of what it was in fall 2000 (15,958 vs. 7,952)." Many computing educators and working professionals worry that this reduced level of participation might result in slowed technological innovation in future years. Adding to the problem is especially low female participation in the computer-related disciplines. For example, Cohoon (2003) showed that the percentage of high school girls indicating intent to study CS in college dropped steadily from 1991 to 2001, from a high of 37% to a low of 20%. The National Science Foundation's most recent report on Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering (National Science Foundation, 2004) indicates that while females obtained 57% of all bachelor's degrees in 2001, they obtained just 28% of computer-related undergraduate degrees. These low percentages of female participation are reflected in the computing workforce as well. Women and Information Technology: Research on Underrepresentation provides an overview of research projects and research trends relating to gender and computing. The book takes a proactive general stance; the ultimate goal of publishing the research included in the volume is to lead to significant gains in female representation in the study and practice of the computing-related fields. ... The volume as a whole does not offer a clear-cut solution to the problem of female underrepresentation, but a number of the chapters do indicate that recruitment and retention must be dealt with jointly, as each is dependent on the other. Another recurring theme is the importance of role models from early on in girls' lives, in the form of both female faculty and female computing professionals as role models. Still another recurring theme is the importance of female mentoring before and during the college years, including both informal peer mentoring and formal faculty mentoring. Taken as a whole, this is a successful work that is probably most useful as a background reference tool. As such, it should assist students and scholars interested in continuing this undeniably important area of research."

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Abstract

Describes the Hebrew subject headings developed by the staff of the Hebrew Cataloguing Department, Bar-Ilan Univ. Library, Israel. The history of the development of the subject headings is followed by a discussion of how the library began assigning subject headings. Discusses the problems of translating and adapting LCSH and creating new subject headings in Hebrew

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Issue

Vol.1: List of headings. Vol.2: Keyword index.

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Abstract

Two proposals are presented which affect the Library of Congress's subject headings for art: abandonment of the structure used in headings like "Art, French" and assignment of genre headings for some types of reproductions of an artist's work.

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Abstract

The Technical Services Committee of the Women's Studies Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, investigated the assignment of subject headings (LCSH) to core works in women's studies. Annotations for the works were compared with subject headings on OCLC cataloguing copy, mainly created by the Library of Congress. Identifies inadequates and traces them to 3 sources: inadequacies in terminology (sexist langugae, limited and biased concepts and imprecise headings); complexities of assigning headings in interdisciplinary and / or emerging fields; and standard cataloguing practices. Lists sample concepts and existing established LCSH missing lacking in bibliographical records and sample concepts lacking adequate established subject headings. Presents recommendations for remedying these problems

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Abstract

Many kinds of structure can be discerned in the headings and rules governing the Library of Congress Subject Headings. By addressing these structures at different levels, librarians can develop different approaches to the machine-assisted validation of subject headings, from the checking of individual words to the validation of complex forms of heading/subdivision compatibility. Using computer programs to assist with maintenance of subject headings is becoming increasingly necessary as technical services librarians strive to create consistent and useful patterns of subject collocation in library catalogs

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

Seven clusters of headings on three levels of generalization, listed in Library of Congress Subject Headings, 9th edition, representing types of concepts pertaining to the study of society, society itself, and its various types of social units, are analyzed for their hierarchical relationships. Eighty-three headings in the clusters Sociology and Family are found to be overrelated, while 112 headings are underrelated in Social structure. Community, Social institutions. Age groups and social classes. Suggestions are offered for restructuring some hierarchical relationships, and the need for the development of a comprehensive code for establishing headings is emphasized.

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Abstract

Analyses the hierarchical structure of subject headings in the cluster of the social sciences in the 12th ed. of the LCSH. Recommends some headings presently in the cluster for elimination, and suggests some not related at present. Headings pertinent to social processes, social organisation, and culture are grouped in 3 social clusters: action theory, culture, and social structure. Makes suggestions for establishing new subject headings. The intention of these changes is to create the cluster of headings corresponding to the social theory of present day and reflecting interrelationships among social phenomena and levels of generalisation

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Abstract

This paper presents a study that assessed the feasibility of applying the approach of the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST), an initiative of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), to records in the Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.? The goal is to determine whether a simplified application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), as illustrated by FAST, would benefit the Ulrich's system. This feasibility study found that although a few problems were encountered in the process, overall the FAST database was useful for converting Ulrich's subject headings into FAST headings.

Object

Ulrich's subject headings