Search (1457 results, page 5 of 73)

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Abstract

A study was done to test the effectiveness of retrieval using title word searching. It was based on actual search profiles used in the Mechanized Information Center at Ohio State University, in order ro replicate as closely as possible actual searching conditions. Fewer than 50% of the relevant titles were retrieved by keywords in titles. The low rate of retrieval can be attributes to three sources: titles themselves, user and information specialist ignorance of the subject vocabulary in use, and to general language problems. Across fields it was found that the social sciences had the best retrieval rate, with science having the next best, and arts and humanities the lowest. Ways to enhance and supplement keyword in title searching on the computer and in printed indexes are discussed.

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Abstract

The escalating economic importance of information and the increasing integration of cultural spheres into the economic system are identified as key factors in the conception of information as a commodity, rather than a public good. This is now having a significant impact on government policy and on libraries, with prominent professional representatives advocating an entrepreneurial model of librarianship which contradicts traditional ideas of free and equal access to information. Such a model threatens the future of the library as a vital sphere of democratic culture. Discusses the broader trends exemplifying the current trajectory of advanced capitalism so as to proved a context for the critical interpretation of issues within librarianship

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Abstract

Discusses the results of a study completed before and after an online catalogue was introduced in the Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The study sought to identify changes in user attitudes and behaviour when dealing with a newly implemented online catalogue. The data were obtained using a survey among library and catalogue users. The results indicated that some changes in user perceptions and behaviour were associated with the introduction of an online catalogue. The extent of this association was weak which indicated the existence of other variables having influence on these changes

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Abstract

Asks if ideas carefully nurtured under the banner of information resource management can have been lost in the new world of knowledge management. Discusses the 3 segments of intellectual capital and examines the distinction between explicit and tacit knowledge, 2 approaches proposed by leading exponents of knowledge management. Forms the view that knowledge is a broader term having components one of which is information. Suggests that a programme to support knowledge management can be developed from people management, process management and information management and that the development of knowledge bases must incorporate specific skills. Argues that IRM is not only consistent with knowlegde management but has a major role to play in the forward development of the subject

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Abstract

The human-centred approach should be considered as an alternative to the techno-economic model of the European Commission information society. This alternative approach should be based on the principles of democratic participation of citizens and social cohesion. Uisng a community development based approach, introduces concepts of partnership, tripartite collaboration and universal partipication. Having evaluated a human-centred approach to the information society this is then applied to the results of 4 case studies of Danish and Swedish community teleservice centres and the subsequent lessons drawn

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Abstract

This paper presents a probabilistic technique to retrieve passages from texts having a large size or heterogeneous semantic content. The proposed technique is independent on any supporting auxiliary data, such as text structure, topic organization, or pre-defined text segments. A Bayesian framework implements the probabilistic technique. We carried out experiments to compare the probabilistique technique to one based on a text segmentation algorithm. In particular, the probabilistique technique is more effective than, or as effective as the one based on the text segmentation to retrieve small passages. Results show that passage size affects passage retrieval performance. Results do also suggest that text organization and query generality may have an impact on the difference in effectiveness between the two techniques

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Abstract

In addition to having a ethical obligation to treat colleagues with courtesy and respect, refernce librarians must be able to interact effectively with one another in order to provide an optimal level of service to their users. A well functioning reference unit builds on the individual strengths of each reference librarian and promotes an environment conductive to consultation and sharing. The tone for setting such an atmosphere is largely dependent upon the actions of the head of the unit who must set an example of fairness, cooperation, and striving for excellence while providing encouragement to update skills

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Abstract

Explores some characteristics of the information superhigway and the WWW metaphors in the light of the current developments in information technology. These characteristics constitute a form of conceptual slippage, which helps us detect and predict the tacit impact that the currently available information delivery systems are having on human cognition. The particular language associated with these systems evolve as a direct result of human cognitive adaptations to the demands, resources and constraints of highly technological environments. discusses the role of metaphor as a vehicle for self-expression, as mediated by criteria of relevance

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Abstract

Despite adequate documentation of the monograph cataloguing backlogs in academic libraries, backlogs of music materials for the entire US library community have gone unreported. In order to confirm the existence of music backlogs, and address questions concerning their existence and growth, what causes them to continue, and what needs to be done to eliminate them: a survey was undertaken of institutional subscribers to the Music Cataloging Bulletin. The survey asked libraries to quantify their uncatalogued scores and sound recordings and to describe their music cataloguing staff and procedures. Of the 358 perticipating libraries, 77 % reported having music backlogs. These backlogs grew primarily as a result of large acquisitions and gifts without corresponding staff to process them. Respondents also cited lack of knowledgeable staff as a deterrent to the reduction and elimination of backlogs

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Abstract

This study, the fourth and last of a series designed to produce new information to improve retrievability of books in libraries, explores the effectiveness of retrieving a known-item book using words from titles only. From daily printouts of circulation records at the Walter Royal Davis Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 749 titles were taken and then searched an the 4-million entry catalog at the library of the University of Michigan. The principal finding was that searches produced titles having personal authors 81.4% of the time and anonymous titles 91.5% of the time; these figures are 15 and 5%, respectively, lower than the lowest findings presented in the previous three articles of this series (Kilgour, 1995; 1997; 2001).

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Abstract

In the second bibliometric paper SzavaKovtas uses ``indirectcollective references, ICR'' to mean such instances as those in which an author refers to, ``the references contained therein,'' when referring to another source. Having previously shown a high instance of occurrences in Physical Reviews, he now uses the January 1997 issues of 40 journals from the ISI physics category plus two optics journals, an instrumentation journal, and a physics journal launched in 1997, to locate ICR. The phenomena exists in all but one of the sampled journals and in the next, but unsampled, issue of that journal. Overall 17% of papers sampled display ICR with little fluctuation within internal categories.

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Abstract

In this issue we begin with ``Mooers' Law: In and Out of Context.'' Brice points out that Moores meant that having information was not always considered a good thing by a user since it required the expenditure of effort to make use of it, not that a system might not be used because the use itself was an expenditure of extra effort. While this may be a principle of retrieval usage it is not that stated by Moores. This leads to a suggestion that system use depends upon the user's environmental level of desire for information; If high any IR system will be used, if low, no IR.

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Abstract

Information access in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Libraries', New York, InfoTrax has increased from its formation as an electronic catalogue in 1984 to its current status of campus wide information system. This has been accomplished by including additional library materials, campus files, and outside data bases. Integration between data bases gives patrons access to call number and serials check-in information without having to switch files. An electronic request service allows patrons to hold, photocopy or interloan materials from their terminals

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Abstract

Describes a study using citation analysis to select journals that could be used in the veterinary medical field. The study determines the principal journals to which a veterinary medical library should subscribe, thus obtaining the highest possible utility of materials. By using a database of 105 journals for a period of five years (1982-86), citation data were applied on the Bradford bibliography and Bradford-Zipf distribution to determine the ranking of journals in the field and the "core journals". Reports the results of the study which discovered that the Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa is the most cited journal with 305 citations, and the core journals were eight in number, having 1,067 citations representing 66.2 per cent of the total citations.

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Abstract

This study revisits managers who were first interviewed more than 10 years ago to identify their personal information management (PIM) behaviors. The purpose of this study was to see how advances in technology and access to the Web may have affected their PIM behaviors. PIM behaviors seem to have changed little over time, suggesting that technological advances are less important in determining how individuals organize and use information than are the tasks that they perform. Managers identified increased volume of e-mail and the frustration with having to access multiple systems with different, unsynchronized passwords as their greatest PIM challenges. Organizational implications are discussed.

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Abstract

This article addresses the question "what is information?" by comparing the meaning of the term "information" and epistemological assumptions of three theories in library and information science: the "Shannon-Weaver model," Brookes' interpretation of Popper's World 3, and the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom model. It shows that the term "information" in these theories refers to empirical entities or events and is conceptualized as having causal powers upon human minds. It is argued that the epistemological assumptions have led to the negligence of the cultural and social aspects of the constitution of information (i.e., how something is considered to be and not to be information) and the unquestioned nature of science in research methodologies.

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Abstract

The present paper is offered as the first of a series of articles in which PRECIS will be reviewed as a potential multi-lingual system, having in mind the obvious need, notably in a European context, for standard and language independent methods of subject analysis and document description. This first paper outlines the origins of PRECIS, and considers its use in English language indexing. A second paper will deal in general terms with the syntactical model which is used for producing PRECIS input strings and index entries. Later papers will then review the application of this model to indexing in, firstly, the Germanic languages (e.g. German and Danish), and, secondly, the Romance languages, illustrated by French.

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Abstract

The key argument of this paper is that the field of knowledge organization can potentially provide a powerful - and indeed the only powerful - response to the skeptical claims that are common in the contemporary academy. Though skeptical arguments have an important place in our field - the present author readily confesses to having learned much in responding to such arguments - it would be unfortunate if the field of knowledge organization were to assume the correctness of a skeptical outlook. Rather, the field should essay to combat the sources of skepticism. Strategies for doing so are outlined.

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Abstract

We posit that the well-established interaction type "toolbox" currently providing the four interaction types Instructing, Conversing, Manipulating, and Exploring should be expanded to include a fifth interaction type, Responding, that accounts for user engagements in response to a system-initiated engagement request. This expansion reflects that increasingly, smart systems request input from users without having been prompted by them, which is the essence of the existing interaction types. Systems utilizing the Responding interaction type proactively seek input from users in situations where said input is required.

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Abstract

The referencing habits of scholars, having abandoned physical bibliography for harvesting of digital resources, are in crisis, endangering the bibliographical infrastructure supporting the domain of knowledge organization. Research must be carefully managed and its circumstances controlled. Bibliographical replicability is one important part of the social role of scholarship. References in Knowledge Organization volume 45 (2018) were compiled and analyzed to help visualize the state of referencing in the KO domain. The dependence of science on the ability to replicate is even more critical in a global distributed digital environment. There is great richness in KO that make it even more critical that our scholarly community tend to the relationship between bibliographical verity and the very replicability that is allowing the field to grow theoretically over time.