Search (1451 results, page 6 of 73)

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Classification

AN 51000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliographien, Sammelschriften / Fest- und Gedenkschriften für Personen
AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation

Content

Subject indexing - Subject authority data - Terminology Guido Bee: Zielstrebigkeit und Pragmatismus - Magda Heiner-Freilings Impulse für die verbale Inhaltserschließung - Marcia Zeng, Wei Fan: SKOS and Its Application in Transferring Traditional Thesauri into Networked Knowledge Organization Systems - Yvonne Jahns: Funktionelle Anforderungen an Normdaten für Themen von Werken - Edward 0' Neill: FAST - A New Approach to Controlled Subject Access - Pia Leth, Ingrid Berg: Subject Indexing in Sweden - Federica Paradisi: Analisi a faccette e categorie semantiche per i termini giuridici nel Thesaurus del Nuovo soggettario - Sohair Wastawy, Iman Khiry: The Development of Name and Subject Authority (Bibalex) at the Library of Alexandria - Holger Flachmann: 18 Jahre RSWK und SWD an der Universitätsund Landesbibliothek Münster - Margit Sandner: Entwicklung der SWD-Arbeit in Österreich - Ellen Kipple: Die Clearingstelle für Öffentliche Bibliotheken an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek - Sybille Jungk: Die Erschließung der Belletristik und Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Sachkatalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Leipzig - Axel Ermert: Regelwerke, Klassifikation und Terminologie
Subject access - Multilingual access Winfried Gödert: Ontological Spine, Localization and Multilingual Access - Lars G. Svensson: Unified Access - A Semantic Web Based Model for Multilingual Navigation in Heterogeneous Data Sources - Patrice Landry: The Evolution of Subject Heading Languages in Europe and their Impact on Subject Access Interoperability - Gerhard Riesthuis: Subject Searching in Merged Catalogues - Jessica Hubrich, Tina Mengel, Katrin Müller, Jan-Helge Jacobs: Improving Subject Access in Global Information Spaces - Christel Hengel: The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) - la C. Mcllwaine: Tongues of Men - Communication in an Electronic Age - Marie Balikova: Looking for the Best Way of Subject Access - Britta Woldering: Europeana - Mehrsprachiger Zugang zu Europas digitalem Kulturerbe - Ute Scharmann: 1001 Buchstabe oder Warum öffentliche Bibliotheken fremdsprachige Kinderliteratur bereithalten sollten Librarianship - Micellaneous Heidrun Wiesenmüller: Sacherschließung im Bachelorstudiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationsmanagement an der Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart - Dorothy McGarry: Magda Heiner-Freiling and Her Work in the IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing - Robert Zepf: Pour les generations présentes et future - For the Benefit of Present and Future Generations Heidrun Alex: Personalbibliografie Magda Heiner-Freiling

RVK

AN 51000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliographien, Sammelschriften / Fest- und Gedenkschriften für Personen
AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: BACKGROUND: Alva T STONE: The LCSH Century: A Brief History of the Library of Congress Subject Headings, and Introduction to the Centennial Essays - THEORY AND PRINCIPLES: Elaine SVENONIUS: LCSH: Semantics, Syntax and Specificity; Heidi Lee HOERMAN u. Kevin A. FURNISS: Turning Practice into Principles: A Comparison of the IFLA: Principles Underlying Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) and the Principles Underlying the Library of Congress Subject Headings System; Hope A. OLSON: Difference, Culture and Change:The Untapped Potential of LCSH - ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: Pauline Atherton COCHRANE: Improving LCSH for Use in Online Catalogs Revisited-What Progress Has Been Made? What Issues Still Remain?; Gregory WOOL: Filing and Precoordination: How Subject Headings Are Displayed in Online Catalogs and Why It Matters; Stephen HEARN: Machine-Assisted Validation of LC Subject Headings: Implications for Authority File Structure - SPECIFIC PERSPECTIVES: Thomas MANN: Teaching Library of Congress Subject Headings; Louisa J. KREIDER: LCSH Works! Subject Searching Effectiveness at the Cleveland Public Library and the Growth of Library of Congress Subject Headings Through Cooperation; Harriette HEMMASI u J. Bradford YOUNG: LCSH for Music: Historical and Empirical Perspectives; Joseph MILLER u. Patricia KUHR: LCSH and Periodical Indexing: Adoption vs. Adaptation; David P MILLER: Out from Under: Form/Genre Access in LCSH - WORLD VIEW: Magda HEINER-FREILING: Survey on Subject Heading Languages Used in National Libraries and Bibliographies; Andrew MacEWAN: Crossing Language Barriers in Europe: Linking LCSH to Other Subject Heading Languages; Alvaro QUIJANO-SOLIS u.a.: Automated Authority Files of Spanish-Language Subject Headings - FUTURE PROSPECTS: Lois Mai CHAN u. Theodora HODGES: Entering the Millennium: a new century for LCSH

LCSH

Subject heading, Library of Congress

Subject

Subject heading, Library of Congress

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Abstract

Organizing and providing access to the resources an the Internet has been a problem area in spite of the availability of sophisticated search engines and other Software tools. There have been several attempts to organize the resources an the WWW. Some of them have tried to use traditional library classification schemes such as the Library of Congress Classification, the Dewey Decimal Classification and others. However there is a need to assign proper subject headings to them and present them in a logical or hierarchical sequence to cater to the need for browsing. This paper attempts to describe an experimental system designed to organize and provide access to web documents using a faceted pre-coordinate indexing system based an the Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS) derived from POPSI (Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing) of Bhattacharyya, and the facet analysis and chain indexing System of Ranganathan. A prototype software system has been designed to create a database of records specifying Web documents according to the Dublin Core and input a faceted subject heading according to DSIS. Synonymous terms are added to the standard terms in the heading using appropriate symbols. Once the data are entered along with a description and URL of the Web document, the record is stored in the system. More than one faceted subject heading can be assigned to a record depending an the content of the original document. The system stores the surrogates and keeps the faceted subject headings separately after establishing a link. Search is carried out an index entries derived from the faceted subject heading using chain indexing technique. If a single term is input, the system searches for its presence in the faceted subject headings and displays the subject headings in a sorted sequence reflecting an organizing sequence. If the number of retrieved headings is too large (running into more than a page) then the user has the option of entering another search term to be searched in combination. The system searches subject headings already retrieved and look for those containing the second term. The retrieved faceted subject headings can be displayed and browsed. When the relevant subject heading is selected the system displays the records with their URLs. Using the URL the original document an the web can be accessed. The prototype system developed under Windows NT environment using ASP and web server is under rigorous testing. The database and indexes management routines need further development.

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Abstract

Discusses a retrieval study that focused on collection level archival records in the OCLC OLUC, made accessible through the EPIC online search system. Data were also collected from the local OPAC at North Carolina University at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) in which UNC-CH produced OCLC records are loaded. The chief objective was to explore the retrieval environments in which a random sample of USMARC AMC records produced at UNC-CH were found: specifically to obtain a picture of the density of these databases in regard to each subject heading applied and, more generally, for each records. Key questions were: how many records would be retrieved for each subject heading attached to each of the records; and what was the nature of these subject headings vis a vis the numer of hits associated with them. Results show that large retrieval sets are a potential problem with national bibliographic utilities and that the local and national retrieval environments can vary greatly. The need for specifity in indexing is emphasized

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Abstract

Library of Congress subject heading policy has been frequently criticized for using obsolete and biased terminology, for not providing subject analysis in depth, and for being overly research library oriented. While both PRECIS and the Subject Analysis Project offer possible solutions, fiscal considerations make their adoptions unlikely. By using existing computer technology, individual libraries could improve subject access by improved subject searching capabilities and by implementations of subject authority files which could tailor LC subject headings to the individual libraries' needs and provide an individualized cross-reference structure. For its part, the Library of Congress should provide an uptatable machine readable file of its complete cross-reference structure. This file should contain all references used in the Library of Congress Public Catalog since much of LC's subject heading practice is based upon its cross-reference structure. With such improvements, LC subject headings could provide much better subject access at an acceptable cost

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Abstract

The IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing's Working Group on Principles Underlying Subject Headings Languages has identified a set of eleven principles for subject heading languages and excerpted the texts that match each principle from the instructions for each of eleven national subject indexing systems, including excerpts from the LC's Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings. This study compares the IFLA principles with other texts that express the principles underlying LCSH, especially Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles of Structure and Policies for Application, prepared by Lois Mai Chan for the Library of Congress in 1990, Chan's later book on LCSH, and earlier documents by Haykin and Cutter. The principles are further elaborated for clarity and discussed

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Abstract

A study group representing four European national libraries (the Swiss National Library, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, the Bibliothèque nationale de France and The British Library) recently conducted a study on the possibility of establishing multilingual thesaural links between the headings in the LCSH authority file and the authority files of the German indexing system SWD/RSWK and the French indexing system RAMEAU. The study demonstrated a high level of correspondence in main headings, but also revealed a number of issues requiring further investigation. The study group's findings led to recommendations on the scope for the development of a prototype system for linking the three Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) in the databases of the four institutions

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Abstract

An understanding of the workings of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is one of the most valuable conceptual tools a researcher can have. The subject heading system is by no means obvious or self-evident, however; it must be taught, explained, and exemplified by librarians. Several points must be covered explicitly. The cross-reference notation of UF, BT, RT, SA, and NT has to be explained; the importance of choosing the most specific heading available, rather than a general term, must also be emphasized. There are four ways to find the most specific LCSH terms for a particular topic; two of them come from using the red books, two from using the online catalog itself. All four ways are important; none is obvious. Each must be taught

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Abstract

This paper explains how MACS meets the challenge of multilingualism created by the new network environment. Based an the equality of languages and making use of work already carried out by the partners, the MACS project sets up equivalences between subject heading languages. It enables in this way, with a monolingual subject search, to retrieve all the pertinent documents held in catalogues in different languages. This process is very different from traditional translation; it frees the search language from the language of the catalogue and creates a multilingual dictionary of subject heading languages that has a promising future for various applications. The federative approach of networked cooperation has enabled the MACS team to set up a flexible and pragmatic solution to the problem of multilingual searching. The service aims to be fully operational in 2002, and may currently be tested an the Web.

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Abstract

The impetus for a large-scale study on subject heading understanding was a recommendation of the Library of Congress (LC) Subject Subdivisions Conference that suggested standardizing the order of subject subdivisions for the purpose of simplifying subject cataloging. This paper focuses on unexpected large-scale study findings about multiple meanings for subdivided subject headings and the effects that changes of meaning for different orders of subdivisions had on the meanings that end users and librarians provided to subdivided subject headings. Findings about changes of meaning in subdivided subject headings did not dissuade the authors regarding their recommendation that the library community adopt a standard order of subdivisions. The authors also give suggestions for additional studies of subject heading understanding that build on this one.

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Abstract

Forty years ago the ICCP in Paris laid the foundations of international co-operation in descriptive cataloging without explicitly speaking of authority control. Some of the factors in the evolution of authority control are the development of catalogs (from card catalog to local automation, to today's OPAC on the Web) and services provided by libraries (from individual service to local users to system networks, to the World Wide Web), as well as international agreements on cataloging (from Paris Principles to the UBC programme, to the report on Mandatory data elements for internationally shared resource authority records). This evolution progressed from the principle of uniform heading to the definition of authority entries and records, and from the responsibility of national bibliographic agencies for the form of the names of their own authors to be shared internationally to the concept of authorized equivalent heading. Some issues of the present state are the persisting differences among national rules and the aim of respecting both local culture and language and international readability.

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Abstract

The Library of Congress Subject Headings schema (LCSH) is the most commonly used and widely accepted subject vocabulary for general application. It is the de facto universal controlled vocabulary and has been a model for developing subject heading systems by many countries. However, LCSH's complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by requiring highly skilled personnel and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control. Recent trends, driven to a large extent by the rapid growth of the Web, are forcing changes in bibliographic control systems to make them easier to use, understand, and apply, and subject headings are no exception. The purpose of adapting the LCSH with a simplified syntax to create FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) headings is to retain the very rich vocabulary of LCSH while making the schema easier to understand, control, apply, and use. The schema maintains compatibility with LCSH--any valid Library of Congress subject heading can be converted to FAST headings.

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Abstract

This article investigates classification and subject heading systems used in academic health sciences libraries and the reasons these systems were chosen. The study also ascertains the respective systems used at the general libraries at the same academic institutions, in order to find out if there is a desire for conformity. Specific attention is paid to the question whether a shared OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) may play a role in this desire. The results show that 75% of the survey participants from academic health sciences libraries use primarily the NLM (National Library of Medicine) classification system and 95% use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). General libraries at the same institutions overwhelmingly use the systems developed by the Library of Congress. The most compelling reason for the use of NLM systems is that they are considered the most appropriate for medical collections.

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Abstract

This paper recognizes the limitations of the existing file of Library of Congress (LC) subject authority records for subject heading assignment and validation. it makes recommendations for a new file of machine readable authority records for period subdivisions and for enhancements to the existings file of subject authority records. Recommended changes would enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulations and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, the individual components of subdivided headings. The recommendations are timely in view of changes to the forms of period subdivisions that the Library of Congress is studying to facilitate the display of period subdivisions in chronological order. The availability of machine-readable authority records for most period subdivisions would enable online systems to automatically make changes to the forms of period subdivisions in bibliographic records using cross references for previously-used forms in the autority records for the new forms. The paper also discusses issues arising from an enhancement of the existing controlled system of period subdivision. A study of subdivided subject headings in a large bibliographic database forms the basis of the recommendations

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Abstract

This article will look into subject indexing in Sweden today and give some ideas of the future. Our Swedish subject heading system is pre-coordinated and based on Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). We think subject access is important but it is not always easy to apply correctly and we present some ideas on how to make it easier. We will first give a summary of the creation of the Swedish subject heading system and how it works today. We will also describe a new project, the TGM project, that was completed at the end of 2007. Another work that will be described is the indexing of fiction and children's literature.

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Abstract

Many information professionals feel that the time is still far off when the WWW can offer the combined funtionality and content of traditional online and CD-ROM databases, but there have been a number of recent Web developments to reflect on. Describes the testing and launch by Ovid of its Java client which, in effect, allows access to its databases on the Web with full search functionality, and the initiative of Euromonitor in providing Web access to its whole collection of consumer research reports and its entire database of business sources. Also reviews the service of a newcomer to the information scene, Information Quest (IQ) founded by Dawson Holdings which has made an agreement with Infonautics to offer access to its Electric Library database thus adding over 1.000 reference, consumer and business publications to its Web based journal service

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Abstract

Examines some of the advanced tools, techniques, methods and standards related to the Internet and WWW which consist of hybrids of documents and software, called 'document program hybrids'. Early Internet systems were based on having documents on one side and software on the other, neatly separated, apart from one another and without much interaction, so that the static document can also exist without computers and networks. Documentation program hybrids blur this classical distinction and all components are integrated, interwoven and exist in synergy with each other. Illustrates the techniques with particular reference to practical examples, including: dara collections and dedicated software; advanced HTML features on the WWW, multimedia viewer and plug in software for Internet and WWW browsers; VRML; interaction through a Web server with other servers and with instruments; adaptive hypertext provided by the server; 'webbots' or 'knowbots' or 'searchbots' or 'metasearch engines' or intelligent software agents; Sun's Java; Microsoft's ActiveX; program scripts for HTML and Web browsers; cookies; and Internet push technology with Webcasting channels

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Abstract

A unique collection of historical material covering the lives and events of an English village between 1400 and 1750 has been made available via a WWW enabled information retrieval system. Since the expected readership of the documents ranges from school children to experienced researchers, providing this information in an easily accessible form has offered many challenges requiring tools to aid searching and browsing. The file structure of the document collection was replaced by an database, enabling query results to be presented on the fly. A Java interface displays each user's context in a form that allows for easy and intuitive relevance feedback

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Abstract

Presents an approach that integrates searching and browsing in a manner that improves both paradigms. When browsing is the primary task, it enables semantic content-based tailoring of Web maps in both the generation as well as the visualization phases. When search is the primary task, it enables contextualization of the results by augmenting them with the documents' neighbourhoods. This approach is embodied in WebCutter, a client-server system fully integrated with Web software. WebCutter consists of a map generator running off a standard Web server and a map visualization client implemented as a Java applet runalble from any standard Web browser and requiring no installation or external plug-in application. WebCutter is in beta stage and is in the process of being integrated into the Lotus Domino application product line

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Abstract

The KMODDL (kinematic models for design digital library) is a digital library based on a historical collection of kinematic models made of steel and bronze. The digital library contains four types of learning modules including textual materials, QuickTime virtual reality movies, Java simulations, and stereolithographic files of the physical models. The authors report an evaluation study on the uses of the KMODDL in two undergraduate classes. This research reveals that the users in different classes encountered different usability problems, and reported quantitatively different subjective experiences. Further, the results indicate that depending on the subject area, the two user groups preferred different types of learning modules, resulting in different uses of the available materials and different learning outcomes. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future digital library design.