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  1. Mongin, L.; Fu, Y.Y.; Mostafa, J.: Open Archives data Service prototype and automated subject indexing using D-Lib archive content as a testbed (2003) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science opened a new research laboratory in January 2003; The Indiana University School of Library and Information Science Information Processing Laboratory [IU IP Lab]. The purpose of the new laboratory is to facilitate collaboration between scientists in the department in the areas of information retrieval (IR) and information visualization (IV) research. The lab has several areas of focus. These include grid and cluster computing, and a standard Java-based software platform to support plug and play research datasets, a selection of standard IR modules and standard IV algorithms. Future development includes software to enable researchers to contribute datasets, IR algorithms, and visualization algorithms into the standard environment. We decided early on to use OAI-PMH as a resource discovery tool because it is consistent with our mission.
  2. Song, R.; Luo, Z.; Nie, J.-Y.; Yu, Y.; Hon, H.-W.: Identification of ambiguous queries in web search (2009) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    It is widely believed that many queries submitted to search engines are inherently ambiguous (e.g., java and apple). However, few studies have tried to classify queries based on ambiguity and to answer "what the proportion of ambiguous queries is". This paper deals with these issues. First, we clarify the definition of ambiguous queries by constructing the taxonomy of queries from being ambiguous to specific. Second, we ask human annotators to manually classify queries. From manually labeled results, we observe that query ambiguity is to some extent predictable. Third, we propose a supervised learning approach to automatically identify ambiguous queries. Experimental results show that we can correctly identify 87% of labeled queries with the approach. Finally, by using our approach, we estimate that about 16% of queries in a real search log are ambiguous.
  3. Croft, W.B.; Metzler, D.; Strohman, T.: Search engines : information retrieval in practice (2010) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    For introductory information retrieval courses at the undergraduate and graduate level in computer science, information science and computer engineering departments. Written by a leader in the field of information retrieval, Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice, is designed to give undergraduate students the understanding and tools they need to evaluate, compare and modify search engines. Coverage of the underlying IR and mathematical models reinforce key concepts. The book's numerous programming exercises make extensive use of Galago, a Java-based open source search engine. SUPPLEMENTS / Extensive lecture slides (in PDF and PPT format) / Solutions to selected end of chapter problems (Instructors only) / Test collections for exercises / Galago search engine
  4. Tang, X.-B.; Wei Wei, G,-C.L.; Zhu, J.: ¬An inference model of medical insurance fraud detection : based on ontology and SWRL (2017) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Medical insurance fraud is common in many countries' medical insurance systems and represents a serious threat to the insurance funds and the benefits of patients. In this paper, we present an inference model of medical insurance fraud detection, based on a medical detection domain ontology that incorporates the knowledge base provided by the Medical Terminology, NKIMed, and Chinese Library Classification systems. Through analyzing the behaviors of irregular and fraudulent medical services, we defined the scope of the medical domain ontology relevant to the task and built the ontology about medical sciences and medical service behaviors. The ontology then utilizes Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) and Java Expert System Shell (JESS) to detect medical irregularities and mine implicit knowledge. The system can be used to improve the management of medical insurance risks.
  5. Studwell, W.E.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for the history of Canadian regions, provinces, and territories : some proposed additions (1987) 0.05 
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  6. Vizine-Goetz, D.; Markey, K.: Characteristics of subject heading records in the machine-readable Library of Congress Subject Headings (1989) 0.05 
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  7. Delozier, E.P.; Lingle, V.A.: MEDLINE and MeSH (1992) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    identifies indexing features of the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) that pose challenges to end users of MEDLINE. These problematic features include the use of Explodes, Tree structures, subheadings, Text Word versus subject heading searching, and central concept searching. As end user search software becomes more sophisticated, so much methods of instruction to orient the end user to theses systems
  8. Rada, R.: Focus on links : a holistic view of hypertext (1991) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The disciplines of human-computer interaction, computer-supported collaborative work, information storage and retrieval, and artificial intelligence should complement one another in the new discipline of hypertext. This holistic view of hypertext focuses on links: links within a document (microtext), links among documents (macrotext), links among people (grouptext), and dynamic links (expertext). The principles and systems which are relevant to creating and accessing hypertext can be usefully presented under the heading of text, microtext, macrotext, grouptext and expertext. From text to expertext, people consistently use hierarchical structures, particularly hierarchical semantic nets, to organize information
  9. Studwell, W.E.: Game shows, elevators, full plates, and other allegories : a look at the present state and future possibilities of LC subject headings (1993) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Recounts the efforts throughout the 1980s to promote the idea of a subject heading code and revisions to LC subject haedings. Describes the current situation of stasis. The Library of Congress has announced no comprehensive plan for LC Subject Headings, and it is unclear whether the concept of standardisation will be embraced
  10. Mirza, Q.: Islamic subject headings in Library of Congress Subject Headings (1992) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Investigates the inadequacy of the 10th ed. of LCSH regarding Islamic subject headings and compares it with some of the schemes available in Arabic. Whilst LCSH is not entirely inadequate, in some subjects related to Islam there is room for improvement and expansion. The following subjects are covered in the comparison: Islam as a general heading, Quran, the Prophet Muhammad, Hadith, islamic law, prayer, and Muslim pilgrims and pilgrimages
  11. Studwell, W.E.: Library of Congress Subject Headings relating to the social sciences : some suggestions for improvement (1993) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Reviews the movement for change in the patterns and usage of LCSH and suggests improvements to the headings in the social sciences. Covers: confusion between disciplines and topics; confusion over the first element in a heading; insufficient number of headings; the problem of conditional subjects; controversial terminology; and insufficient See References
  12. Thesaurus for graphic materials II : genre and physical characteristics terms (???) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    A list of authorized terms and cross references associated with genre and physical description of graphic materials. Supplies a standardized vocabulary for cataloging and retrieval (for MARC format users: field 655 for genre headings and field 755 for physical description heading). Includes terms for pictorial types (e.g., cartoons, bird's-eye-views, perspective projections, advertisements, etc.) and physical characteristics (e.g., etchings, albumen prints, lantern slides, miniatures). Includes guidelines for application, a bibliography and scope notes
  13. Bronson, R.J.: Creative ways to locate MeSH subheading information (1994) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Locating notes about MeSH subheadings can be one of the most difficult aspects of MEDLINE searching. When used with MeSH, subheadings serve to limit or define the focus of a heading. NLM indexers, staff members who enter the MeSH indexing into the database, use subheadings freely. They do follow indexing conventions and searchers need to be aware of how to obtain basic subheading information to assist in search formulation. There are a number of methods which may be used in order to view subheading use notes
  14. Dooley, J.M.: Subject indexing in context : subject cataloging of MARC AMC format archical records (1992) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Integration of archival materials catalogued in the USMARC AMC format into online catalogues has given a new urgency to the need for direct subject access. Offers a broad definition of the concepts to be considered under the subject access heading, including not only topical subjects but also proper names, forms of material, time periods, geographic places, occupations, and functions. It is both necessary and possible to provide more consistent subject access to archives and manuscripts than currently is being achieved. Describes current efforts that are under way in the profession to address this need
  15. Studwell, W.E.: Ten years after the question : has there been an answer? (1995) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Over 10 years have passed since the 1985 call for a comprehensive theoretical code for LSCH, and no such code has been developed or announced. Although considerable progress has been made towards the goals of a code, i.e. making the headings and their usage more logical, more consistent, clearer and more user friendly, much still remains to be done to achieve complete subject heading standardization plus documentation of the standards
  16. Digital libraries : research and technology advances. ADL'95 Forum, McLean, Virginia, USA, May 15-17, 1995. Selected papers (1996) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Besides 15 revides refereed technical contributions, the book presents 4 invited survey papers by key persons heading insitutions and projects essentially advancing the state of the art: France Cordova (NASA), James H. Billington (LoC), Raj Reddy (CMU), and Larry Smarr (NCSA, University of Illinois). The technical papers are organized in topical sections on visualization, document handling and information retrieval, network-based information and resource discovery, and design issues and prototyping
  17. Bradley, C.J.: Classifying and cataloging music in American libraries : a historical overview (2003) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents an account of the development of music classifications, cataloguing codes, and subject heading lists in the United States. It also discusses pertinent activities within the Music Library Association, particularly the efforts of Eva Judd O'Meara, music librarian at Yale University from 1924 to 1952.
  18. Bradley, C.J.: Classifying and cataloging music in American libraries : an historical overview (2003) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents an account of the development of music classifications, cataloguing codes, and subject heading lists in the United States. It also discusses pertinent activities within the Music Library Association, particularly the efforts of Eva Judd O'Meara, music librarian at Yale University from 1924 to 1952.
  19. Martin, G.: Possible subject headings for the Aboriginal peoples of Australia (1994) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Describes an attempt to find generally acceptable subject headings for the Aboriginal peoples of Australia. Discusses the following 4 ethnic groups: Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders; Aboriginal people of Australia; Tasmanian Aborigines; and Torres Strait Islanders. Outlines issues for consideration when establishing a subject heading. Lists alsternative possible headings and comments on their advantages and disadvantages. Offers specific recommendations concerning the choice of subject headings
  20. Ballard, T.: Library systems : transaction log fever; analyzing patron searches can reveal solutions to increase search success (1996) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Describes research into unsuccessful searches of OPACs by analyzing searches and computer messages, explaining how data was collected and analysed in a study at Adelphi University in 1994. Discusses ways of bridging the gap between users' formulations of subjects and the terms used in authority files and subject heading schemes

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