Search (1393 results, page 8 of 70)

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Footnote

Vgl. auch: http://www.nature.com/nature/links/010510/010510-2.html

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Abstract

Discusses the development and implications of electronic resource description systems, including the familiar library standard, the MARC Format, and the newly developing Resource Description Format (RDF), as well as other non-library markup languages such as XML, HTML, SGML, etc. Explains the differences between content and container, and the kinds of rules needed for describing each. Closes by outlining clearly why it is important for librarians to reach out beyond the library community and participate in the development of metadata standards.

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Abstract

This chapter begins with a brief history of markup technologies and an examination of two of the most commonly encountered markup languages: HTML and XML. We will investigate the basic structural components of an XML document and examine the rules for creating "well-formed" documents. The concept of data modeling and document "validity" will be demonstrated using a simple DTD (Document Type Definition), and several markup examples will follow. The notions of XML as a data interchange system and XSLT as a transformation and display language will be examined.

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Source

http://www.google.com/librariancenter/articles/0612_01.html

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Abstract

After a review of the Kent State Libraries and Media Services Web site, a committee of librarians and staff gathered user feedback and developed a library-specific content management system (CMS) to make the move from a static HTML environment to database-driven design. This article focuses on the significant role of metadata in the CMS from the perspective of one of the site's architects and one of its content developers. This article includes figures and a biography for further reading. The work of the redesign was earlier described in a poster presentation for the 12th Annual ACRL conference.

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Abstract

Nowadays, increasingly, documents are marked-up using eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML), the format standard for structured documents. In contrast to HTML, which is mainly layout-oriented, XML follows the fundamental concept of separating the logical structure of a document from its layout. This document logical structure can be exploited to allow a focused access to documents, where the aim is to return the most relevant fragments within documents as answers to queries, instead of whole documents. This entry describes approaches developed to query, represent, and rank XML fragments.

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Abstract

The Unicode Standard is the single, universal character standard for all text, covering all of the world's writing systems, modern and ancient, as well as other elements of text such as technical symbols. Unicode provides the basis for the processing, storage, and interchange of textual data worldwide; it is fundamental to modern software and information technology protocols, and provides the character infrastructure of the World Wide Web. Unicode underlies modern systems and software products for libraries. Use of Unicode is explicitly included in the specifications for MARC 21 and UNIMARC records, and Z39.50 information retrieval, and is implicit in library standards and protocols based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) or Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

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Abstract

The paper discusses the issue of increasing users' access to library records by their publication in Google. Data from the records, converted into html format, have been indexed by Google. The process covered basic formal description fields of the records, description of the content, supported with a thesaurus, as well as an abstract, if present in the record. In addition to monitoring the end users' statistics, the pilot testing covered visibility of library records in Google search results.

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Abstract

Catalogers have become fluent in information technology such as web design skills, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Stylesheets (CSS), eXensible Markup Language (XML), and programming languages. The knowledge gained from learning information technology can be used to experiment with methods of transforming one metadata schema into another using various software solutions. This paper will discuss the use of eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) for repurposing, editing, and reformatting metadata. Catalogers have the requisite skills for working with any metadata schema, and if they are excluded from metadata work, libraries are wasting a valuable human resource.

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Abstract

Web authoring and publishing in organizations / enterprises has become a more and more important and complex task. It has become a distributed, collaborative process performed by many users with less or even no HTML knowledge. In order to support this process, i.e., to facilitate the creation of websites and to maintain their usability and consistency, Web authoring and publishing systems are frequently asked for. In this paper, a Web authoring and publishing system, the DAPHNE (Distributed Authoring and Publishing in a Hypertext and Networked Environment) system, will be introduced. Based on metadata management and standard Internet technologies, DAPHNE offers many interesting features. Most importantly, DAPHNE allows a high openness from the system viewpoint as well as a high flexibility for authors: no HTML knowledge will be required - users can edit documents by using the editing tools they are familiar with and which exist in their current computing environment. DAPHNE will automatically generate a dynamic version of a well-structured website as well as a set of well-structured static HTML files. By employing subject headings - the structural element of DAPHNE- DAPHNE allows to support a navigation structure of high usability and a standard layout of the website as well. In this paper, following a brief introduction to DAPHNE's system architecture and design principles, DAPHNE'S key features, new developments of DAPHNE, especially those regarding integration of a workflow for management of multilingual websites and the possibility of building a document/knowledge management system using DAPHNE, will be addressed. A discussion on Web authoring and publishing in organizations / enterprises will be given as well

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Abstract

The degree of structure of Web content is the determining factor for the types of functionality that search engines can provide. The more well structured the Web content is, the easier it is for search engines to understand Web content and provide advanced functionality, such as faceted filtering or the aggregation of content from multiple Web sites, based on this understanding. Today, most Web sites are generated from structured data that is stored in relational databases. Thus, it does not require too much extra effort for Web sites to publish this structured data directly on the Web in addition to HTML pages, and thus help search engines to understand Web content and provide improved functionality. An early approach to realize this idea and help search engines to understand Web content is Microformats, a technique for markingup structured data about specific types on entities-such as tags, blog posts, people, or reviews-within HTML pages. As Microformats are focused on a few entity types, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started in 2004 to standardize RDFa as an alternative, more generic language for embedding any type of data into HTML pages. Today, major search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing extract Microformat and RDFa data describing products, reviews, persons, events, and recipes from Web pages and use the extracted data to improve the user's search experience. The search engines have started to aggregate structured data from different Web sites and augment their search results with these aggregated information units in the form of rich snippets which combine, for instance, data This chapter gives an overview of the topology of the Web of Data that has been created by publishing data on the Web using the microformats RDFa, Microdata and Linked Data publishing techniques.

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Classification

AP 13550 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Theorie und Methodik / Grundlagen, Methodik, Theorie
AP 13550 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Theorie und Methodik / Grundlagen, Methodik, Theorie

Footnote

Moving on to Web pages-Heath Bunting's cctv-world wide watch, where users watching four Webcams are encouraged to report crimes on an HTML form, which is then sent to the nearest police station-Fuller shows how cultural and technological components mesh uneasily in the project. Fuller argues that the "meme" (a kind of replicator that mutates as it passes from person to person or media to media, and works in combination with its immediate environment) or "bit" of identity constitutes a problem for surveillance. Packets of information-often the most common "meme" in Web technology-is, for Fuller, the standard object around which an ecology gets built. Networks check packets as they pass isolating passwords, URLS, credit data, and items of interest. The packet is the threshold of operations. The meme's "monitorability" enables not only dissemination through the network, but also its control. Memes, or what Fuller calls "flecks of identity" are referents in the flows of information-they "locate" and "situate" a user. Fuller's work is full of rich insights, especially into the ways in which forces of power operate within media ecologies. Even when the material/technological object, such as the camera or the Webcam turns in on itself, it is situated within a series of interrelated forces, some of which are antagonistic to the object. This insight-that contemporary media technology works within a field of antagonistic forces too-is Fuller's major contribution. Fuller is alert also to the potential within such force fields for subversion. Pirate radio and phreaking, therefore, emblematize how media ecologies create the context, possibility, and even modalities of political and social protest. Unfortunately, Fuller's style is a shade too digressive and aleatory for us to discover these insights. In his eagerness to incorporate as many theorists and philosophers of media/technology-he moves from Nietzsche to Susan Blackmore, sometimes within the space of a single paragraph-Fuller often takes a long time to get to his contribution to the debate or analysis. The problem, therefore, is mainly with style rather than content, and the arguments would have been perfectly fine if they had been couched in easier forms."

RVK

AP 13550 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Theorie und Methodik / Grundlagen, Methodik, Theorie
AP 13550 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Theorie und Methodik / Grundlagen, Methodik, Theorie

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Footnote

Experimentelle Internet Search engine; Vgl. http://flute.aist-nara.ac.jp/doc/people/mitiak-i/Demo/IICA_demo1.html oder: http://ai-www.aist-nara.ac.jp/doc/people/mitiak-i/Demo/IICA_demo.html

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Abstract

Reports on work undertaken by OCLC in the development of a core bibliographic description, for records and resources available on the Internet, sufficiently simple so as to be suitable for use by authors not schooled in conventional cataloguing. Referes particularly to the Dublin Core of 13 data elements designed to provide a description scheme to be included directly in WWW documents and to promote self describing documents on the net. Notes the work of the National Document and Information Service (NDIS) Project, and other, similar projects; including the Open Information Locator Project (http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/reports/oil/adl96.ps). Summarizes the work of the ALCTS Task Force on Bibliographic Access in the Electronic Environment in defining the problems and solutions associated with bibliographic control of electronic collections (http://www.lib.virginia.edu/alcts). Concludes with an update on the Internet Engineering Task Force Meeting, regarding: HTTP; HTML; Uniform Resource Names (URN) and Uniform Resource Characteristics (URC) (http://purl.oclc.org); and Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) (http://www.w3.org/pub/www.pics)

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Abstract

The rapid growth of the Internet has outstripped conventions for citing material from that source. Distinguishing material as a computer file does not provide sufficient information about the platform necessary for reading it. The URL provides useful information, but augmenting it with other details such as author and date not only provides a more meaningful citation, its similarity to conventional bibliographical notation lends a greater degree of legitimacy in academic discourse. Considers information derivable from the URL, and HTML documents (including non displayed source text), in order to derive bibliography and only text citations for various kinds of material and proposes the development of a consistent bibliographic referencing method that emerges from Internet based file formats and overcomes such problems as the lack of specific pagination, long the mainstay of the traditional cataloguer and library user. The conventions proposed are also applicable to Gopher, FTP, Usenet News, periodicals distributed by listservers, and electronic mail

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Abstract

The goal of our Group Asynchronous Browsing (GAB) research is to provide tools for people to leverage the information hunting and gathering activities of other people or groups of people on the World Wide Web. To date we have focused on taking advantage of the personal subject indices that are being constructed today with bookmarks or hotlists of widely available browsers and also on monitoring URLs that may themselves serve as living resources on particular subject areas. In support of the former, we have created a server that collects and merges bookmark/hotlist files of participating users and then can serve (subsets) of these merged bookmark files to either standard HTML client browsers or to a client built with the multiscale visualization tool Pad++. For the latter, we have built a tool called WebWatch that can monitor URLs of interest and alert users when significant updates appear.

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Abstract

Examines how the 71,1 million dollars in advertising revenue from 600 Web sites has been gained. 2/3 of this went to only 10 sites, the top 5 of which were Netscape, InfoSeek, Yahoo!, Lycos anc Excite. Offers 5 tips for effective banner advertising on Web pages. Multithreaded parallel search sites such as MetaCrawler and SavvySearch which enable a user to run several search engines simultaneously, pose a threat to advertising. Cyber 411, a new tool, queries 15 different search engines. Another category, software for querying multiple search engines such as WebCompass, willbuild a keyword searchable index with the summary of results which is output as an HTML file. Compares this with similar products including a Netscape product. InfoSeek and Excite offer mini-applications to place a labelled button on the browser's tool-bar to go straight to their respective search engine. VistaPass from AltaVista will run minimized on a task bar

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Abstract

Verity Search 97 software will index and search e-mail, attachments, folders and documents on local and network disk drives. The Internet may be searched via the same front end and changes to particular documents or pages may be monitored. Documents may be viewed in their native formats including ASCII, HTML, PDF and popular word processors, with highlighted search terms. Agents may be launched into the Internet to retrieve information according to a user-specified profile. The software can index about 700 MB an hour. Describes the search technology which includes fuzzy logic and natural language. The Web version of Personal Search 97 works with Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, while the Exchange version will work regardless of any attachment to an Exchange server. Search 97 Personal improves online time and access time and allows searches to be refined offline

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Abstract

The overwhelming accessibility to data, on a global scale, does not necessarily translate to widespread utility of data. We often find that we are drowing in data, with few tools to help manage relevant data for our various activities. This paper presents Structured Maps, an additional modeling construct superimposed over available information sources, that provides structured and managed access to data. Structured Maps are based on Topic Navigation Maps, defined by the SGML community to provide multi-document indices and glossaries. A Structured Map provides a layer of typed entities and relationships where the entities can have typed references to information elements in the Information Universe. In this paper, we define Structured Maps and present several examples adapted from the Sequent Corporate Electronic Library (SCEL), an intranet resource currently implemented in HTML

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Abstract

During 1996, the number of scholarly periodicals, either commercially published or free, available in electronic form increased rapidly. The Cafe Jus project took advantage of this critical mass of electronic journals to mount a user study with taught postgraduate students, research students and academic and research staff in various disciplines at Loughborough University. The main conclusions were that: low-level technical problems are still a deterrent to use of electronic journals; people prefer not to read at length on screen, but printing out is slow, commercial publishers tend to follow the lead of technology rather than consider the convenience of their users; at present there is a significant need for user training, exacerbated by the variety of publishers' interface and their speed of change; and free journals using HTML arre preferred to commercial journals using PDF for convenience of reading but are regarded as lower in academic quality