Search (1405 results, page 9 of 71)

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Abstract

Describes the facilities being built on top of the existing Netherlands Inter Library Loan system which has been operational since 1993. These new facilities comprise an infrastructure exclusively for end users which will enable document ordering and document access over the WWW. The ultimate goal is to provide documents to the workstation foe electronic and paper formats by temporarily converting the latter to electronic form. Explains item identification, request handling and document delivery. Discusses external links; Open Library Network requests; menu-client requests; WWW requests; library staff requesting; external requests; routing; request forwarding and supply; accounting and document access

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Abstract

The Day was held in Oct 96 to inform about developments in dexcription of electronic documents. Metadata are necessary to aid handling of electronic network resources. A workshop in Dublin Mar 95 compiled 13 elements needed to identify a document-like object, while the Warwick workshop Apr 96 proposed a framework for electronic entries with more metadata types than the Dublin Core. The Nordic Metadata Project aims to evaluate existing metadata format; develop the Dublic Core; make conversion of the Core to the Nordic MARC format possible; and set up a metadata search service for Nordic Internet documents. At the 2nd International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen Oct 96 a metadata structure for research profiles on Internet homepages was proposed

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Abstract

Current hypertext systems have been widely and effectively used on relatively small data volumes. Explores the potential of database technology for aiding the implementation of hypertext systems holding very large amounts of complex data. Databases meet many requirements of the hypermedium: persistent data management, large volumes, data modelling, multi-level architecture with abstractions and views, metadata integrated with operational data, short-term transaction processing and high-level end-user languages for searching and updating data. Describes a system implementing the storage, retrieval and recall of trails through hypertext comprising textual complex objects (to illustrate the potential for the use of data bases). Discusses weaknesses in current database systems for handling the complex modelling required

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Abstract

The book is about knowledge structures as found in information handling tools, classification and indexing systems, as represented in the human mind and in artificial intelligence systems. It looks at the concepts and relationships in these structures

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Abstract

The paper proposes a four-level architecture for the cognitive apparatus of ... systems, addresses the handling of nested time scales, tries a first step towards ... approximation of consciousness as a linear abstract control channel within a ... architecture, and describes a number of interplays between an intuitive (sub...) symbolic level of information processing. Furthermore, concrete models, ... model of the environment, partner model, and Eigenmodel of a system are discussed ... comments to test beds are included, as are hints to the project AMOS at FAW ... some of the topics discussed within a platform-based realization, particularly between subsymbolic and symbolic forms of information processing

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Abstract

SilverPlatter Information has announced: the general release of WebSPIRS 3.1, a Web gateway featuring more efficient handling of multiple databases and a more intuitive and effective interface; the enhancement of MacSPIRS, MacSPIRS 2.4, to provide more functionality, more powerful searching and new installation and configuration options: a new usage based pricing service, Search by Search, which incorporates NET-MAX software allowing usage to be allocated, measured and billed to individual users or groups; QUIKdata, weekly Internet service which allows subcribers to receive data as soon as SilverPlatter update the database; and, the arrangement with Engineering Information by which SilverPlatter subcribers can have access to Engineering Information Village and Village residents to a collection of SilverPlatter science and technology databases

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Abstract

Since 1970, there have been massive changes in both the U.S. economy and the technologies of information handling. Both of these have implications for employment in the information sector. This article updates the data on occupational structure of information work, 1970-1995 inclusive. The data indicate that the information sector continues to grow as a proportion of all employment, albeit slower in recent years. The data also indicate that, within the information sector, information workers who handle information in non-routine ways are growing faster than information workers who handle information in routine ways. This article explores these trends in relation to the effects of information technology

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Abstract

Reports the results of a study, conducted at the National Technical Information Centre and Library (OMIKK), Hungary, to compare 5 popular proprietary CD-ROM searching software packages: OPTIWARE; BRS/Search; ProQuest; SPIRS; and Dialog OnDisc Manager. Software evaluation was based on analysis of a range of CD-ROM bibliographic databases (with the exception of BRS/Search for which the library held no bibliographic databases) and focused on: response times for various activities (logging on, searching, retrieval, display); other performance factors; direct searching features (Boolean operators, proximity operators, arithmetic relations, truncation); index browsing; search strategy handling; display possibilities; output possibilities; and ergonomic and user friendliness factors. No general conclusions are drawn and users are left to draw their own conclusions

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Abstract

During the 1990s online systems have become the norm in all but the smallest libraries. However, many library systems had no authority control model and libraries are now finding themselves facing automated authority control for the first time. Drawing on the experiences of the libraries at the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Northern Colorado and Texas A&M University, discusses the pre-conversion questions of creating an online authority file and choosing which authority records to load, and the post-conversion questions of handling authority work for ongoing cataloguing, dealing with error reports, and keeping up to date with headings changes

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Abstract

The RLG Digital Image Access Project aims to explore the capabilities of imaging for providing access to photographic materials and its online databases contains images and records from institutions across the USA. Discusses digitization from the users' perspective, outlining why images are used and how they are chosen and located and identifies the advantages of online images to users and service providers. Suggests ways of handling copyright problems and mentions the financial and maintenance burdens associated with the technology

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Abstract

This paper describes the Paradigma Project at the National Library of Norway and its work to ensure the legal deposit of all types of digital documents. The Paradigma project plans to implement extensions to IFLA's FRBR model for handling composite Group 1 entities at all abstraction levels. A new taxonomy is introduced: This is done by forming various relationships into component aggregates, and grouping these aggregates into various classes. This serves two main purposes: New applications may be introduced without requiring modifications to the model, and automated mechanisms may be designed to handle each class in a common way, largely unaffected by the details of the relationship semantics.

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Abstract

False imprint information and other deceptive publication details present problems for catalogers. In this article, I describe different types of misleading information, including fictitions names of publishers, incorrect places of publication, and false dates; mention possible reasons for deception, including fear of prosecution, and emphasize the need for catalogers to be suspicious when handling certain types of material. Erotic printed materials and bootleg sound recordings are discussed in detail, and examples of misleading information in each medium and explanations of how cataloging rules address or fail to address specific circumstances are included. Catalogers need to be aware of both the potential problems associated with certain types of materials and the types of reference sources to consult when dealing with those materials.

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Abstract

Librarians at Louisiana State University, while preparing to bring up a NOTIS serial check-in system, raised the question of whether or not to follow Northwestern's lead in reintroducing latest entry cataloging. A sample of the library's already cataloged, both inactive and active, serials was selected to assist in drawing a conclusion. The analysis of the sample revealed that close to thirty percent, a sizeable portion, of the serials had undergone straightforward title changes and could probably easily be cataloged with latest entry. However, it also brought up some local as well as other concerns which make the handling of title changes with latest entry once again a questionable alternative at this time.

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Abstract

While thousands of ontologies exist on the web, a unified sys-tem for handling online ontologies - in particular with respect to discov-ery, versioning, access, quality-control, mappings - has not yet surfacedand users of ontologies struggle with many challenges. In this paper, wepresent an online ontology interface and augmented archive called DB-pedia Archivo, that discovers, crawls, versions and archives ontologies onthe DBpedia Databus. Based on this versioned crawl, different features,quality measures and, if possible, fixes are deployed to handle and sta-bilize the changes in the found ontologies at web-scale. A comparison toexisting approaches and ontology repositories is given.

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Abstract

Privacy-enhancing technologies that incorporate a socially meaningful conception of privacy, one that meets people's expectations and is ethically defensible, need to factor in contextual privacy norms and information governance as part of their design. This involves understanding what information handling practices users deem acceptable, what factors influence users' perceptions and behaviors, and how informational norms evolve. In this paper, we present GKC-CI, a unifying framework for examining contextual privacy norms and information governance in a given context to help structure research inquiries around these questions.

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Abstract

Named entities, such as personal names and names of organizations, exhibit much more variation in form than do other lexical items. The token "vase" can refer to any entity from the type VASE, but the form of the word (i.e., the spelling) is conventionalized and invariant. In contrast, a name may appear with elements added, missing, substituted or re-ordered, yet the reference remains fixed. Thus "Toni Morrison" may be represented as "T. Morrison", "Ms. Morrison", "Morrison, T." or simply "Morrison." And, given the many-to-many relationship of sound to symbol in orthography, one pronunciation may map to a number of possible spellings: e.g., "Tony Maurissan". Individuals claim "ownership" of their names, but beyond the individual or family, they have little control over how others pronounce or spell their name. The link between the individual and name is readily lost. A number of factors contribute to the loss of the one-to-one mapping between names and individuals. The range of variation of names necessitates that many unfamiliar names are encountered on a regular basis. Unfamiliar names will be pronounced, transcribed, and formatted incorrectly, often in a manner that changes the name into a form more familiar to the person responsible. In a multi-cultural or international environment, errors in spelling, pronunciation, and format are further exacerbated due to more fundamental dimensions of unfamiliarity. Grafting names into the rigid structures of inflexible information systems leads to additional sources of unintended variation and compromise. Large name databases are thus established in which traditional exact match searching is wholly inadequate. Retrieval must identify names that are similar in form and that are likely to be related to the search name. This paper lays out a vision for the universal respect and proper treatment of personal names. We argue that known sources of name variation and error must be addressed through improved retrieval techniques specific to the problems of personal names. But moreover, we argue for a culture of data stewardship in which fewer errors are introduced in the handling of personal names. This can be achieved through greater awareness of problems specific to the handling of names, and to the design of information systems that accommodate a richer conception of what a personal name can be. We detail the factors known to complicate the treatment of personal names, and outline a model of the personal name that encompasses the diversity found in names around the globe. The model can serve as a basis for implementing our vision. In addition, in service of improved retrieval we propose measures of similarity of names based on phonological and syntactic factors based on cultural and linguistic variation

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Abstract

Sponsored by the German Ministry of Education and Research with funding of 800.000 EURO, the German Network of Expertise in long-term storage of digital resources (nestor) began in June 2003 as a cooperative effort of 6 partners representing different players within the field of long-term preservation. The partners include: * The German National Library (Die Deutsche Bibliothek) as the lead institution for the project * The State and University Library of Lower Saxony Göttingen (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen) * The Computer and Media Service and the University Library of Humboldt-University Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) * The Bavarian State Library in Munich (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) * The Institute for Museum Information in Berlin (Institut für Museumskunde) * General Directorate of the Bavarian State Archives (GDAB) As in other countries, long-term preservation of digital resources has become an important issue in Germany in recent years. Nevertheless, coming to agreement with institutions throughout the country to cooperate on tasks for a long-term preservation effort has taken a great deal of effort. Although there had been considerable attention paid to the preservation of physical media like CD-ROMS, technologies available for the long-term preservation of digital publications like e-books, digital dissertations, websites, etc., are still lacking. Considering the importance of the task within the federal structure of Germany, with the responsibility of each federal state for its science and culture activities, it is obvious that the approach to a successful solution of these issues in Germany must be a cooperative approach. Since 2000, there have been discussions about strategies and techniques for long-term archiving of digital information, particularly within the distributed structure of Germany's library and archival institutions. A key part of all the previous activities was focusing on using existing standards and analyzing the context in which those standards would be applied. One such activity, the Digital Library Forum Planning Project, was done on behalf of the German Ministry of Education and Research in 2002, where the vision of a digital library in 2010 that can meet the changing and increasing needs of users was developed and described in detail, including the infrastructure required and how the digital library would work technically, what it would contain and how it would be organized. The outcome was a strategic plan for certain selected specialist areas, where, amongst other topics, a future call for action for long-term preservation was defined, described and explained against the background of practical experience.
As follow up, in 2002 the nestor long-term archiving working group provided an initial spark towards planning and organising coordinated activities concerning the long-term preservation and long-term availability of digital documents in Germany. This resulted in a workshop, held 29 - 30 October 2002, where major tasks were discussed. Influenced by the demands and progress of the nestor network, the participants reached agreement to start work on application-oriented projects and to address the following topics: * Overlapping problems o Collection and preservation of digital objects (selection criteria, preservation policy) o Definition of criteria for trusted repositories o Creation of models of cooperation, etc. * Digital objects production process o Analysis of potential conflicts between production and long-term preservation o Documentation of existing document models and recommendations for standards models to be used for long-term preservation o Identification systems for digital objects, etc. * Transfer of digital objects o Object data and metadata o Transfer protocols and interoperability o Handling of different document types, e.g. dynamic publications, etc. * Long-term preservation of digital objects o Design and prototype implementation of depot systems for digital objects (OAIS was chosen to be the best functional model.) o Authenticity o Functional requirements on user interfaces of an depot system o Identification systems for digital objects, etc. At the end of the workshop, participants decided to establish a permanent distributed infrastructure for long-term preservation and long-term accessibility of digital resources in Germany comparable, e.g., to the Digital Preservation Coalition in the UK. The initial phase, nestor, is now being set up by the above-mentioned 3-year funding project.

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Abstract

As part of the ongoing Illinois Digital Library Initiative project, this research proposes an intelligent agent approach to Web searching. In this experiment, we developed 2 Web personal spiders based on best first search and genetic algorithm techniques, respectively. These personal spiders can dynamically take a user's selected starting homepages and search for the most closely related homepages in the Web, based on the links and keyword indexing. A graphical, dynamic, Jav-based interface was developed and is available for Web access. A system architecture for implementing such an agent-spider is presented, followed by deteiled discussions of benchmark testing and user evaluation results. In benchmark testing, although the genetic algorithm spider did not outperform the best first search spider, we found both results to be comparable and complementary. In user evaluation, the genetic algorithm spider obtained significantly higher recall value than that of the best first search spider. However, their precision values were not statistically different. The mutation process introduced in genetic algorithms allows users to find other potential relevant homepages that cannot be explored via a conventional local search process. In addition, we found the Java-based interface to be a necessary component for design of a truly interactive and dynamic Web agent

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Abstract

This article describes the latest development of a generic approach to detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. The work makes substantial theoretical and methodological contributions to progressive knowledge domain visualization. A specialty is conceptualized and visualized as a time-variant duality between two fundamental concepts in information science: research fronts and intellectual bases. A research front is defined as an emergent and transient grouping of concepts and underlying research issues. The intellectual base of a research front is its citation and co-citation footprint in scientific literature - an evolving network of scientific publications cited by research-front concepts. Kleinberg's (2002) burst-detection algorithm is adapted to identify emergent research-front concepts. Freeman's (1979) betweenness centrality metric is used to highlight potential pivotal points of paradigm shift over time. Two complementary visualization views are designed and implemented: cluster views and time-zone views. The contributions of the approach are that (a) the nature of an intellectual base is algorithmically and temporally identified by emergent research-front terms, (b) the value of a co-citation cluster is explicitly interpreted in terms of research-front concepts, and (c) visually prominent and algorithmically detected pivotal points substantially reduce the complexity of a visualized network. The modeling and visualization process is implemented in CiteSpace II, a Java application, and applied to the analysis of two research fields: mass extinction (1981-2004) and terrorism (1990-2003). Prominent trends and pivotal points in visualized networks were verified in collaboration with domain experts, who are the authors of pivotal-point articles. Practical implications of the work are discussed. A number of challenges and opportunities for future studies are identified.