Search (1212 results, page 1 of 61)

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Abstract

Reports the hearing on libraries and their role in the information infrastructure held by the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities on 19 Apr 1994 and timed to coincide with National Library Week and Legislative Day. Contributions highlighted the degree to which library services in libraries throughout the USA are enhanced by electronic data transmission and the urgent need on the part of libraries for support from federal government with funding their policies

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Footnote

Rez. in: Managing information 5(1998) no.4, S.47 (S.D. James)

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Abstract

In April 93 the Cheshire Library Service and the Cheshire Deaf society, UK began collaboration on a project to satisfy the information needs of deaf and hard of hearing people. Describes the aims and objectives of the project, the Carnegie Bulletin Board, the installation of personal computers, the use of videophone technology, deaf awreness trainig, the video lending service for the deaf, the input of the National Captioning Institute, and a survey of user needs

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Abstract

Papers pro and contra having been presented at the Annual Residential Seminar of the Cataloguing and Indexing Group, Winchester, July 1992, by Stuart James (as proposer) and Eric Hunter (as opposer)

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Abstract

From the invention of scripts and alphabets to the long misunderstood "talking drums" of Africa, James Gleick tells the story of information technologies that changed the very nature of human consciousness. He also provides portraits of the key figures contributing to the inexorable development of our modern understanding of information, including Charles Babbage, Ada Byron, Samuel Morse, Alan Turing, and Claude Shannon.

BK

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)

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Abstract

Presents a brief account of the career of James Harol Moon (1933-1996) as cataloguer and lecturer in cataloguing at Pittsburgh University, Pennsylvania

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Abstract

The social dynamics of alternative facts: why what you believe depends on who you know. Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin OConnor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are whats essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that theres an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if thats right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by fake news, alternative facts, and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively.

BK

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

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Abstract

Die Geschichte der Information beginnt in einer Zeit, die unserer nicht unähnlicher sein könnte. Von der Entwicklung der sprechenden Trommeln zu den ersten Alphabeten und natürlich der Schrift, ist die Information einen weiten Weg gegangen. Eine höchst interessante und informative Geschichte. Blut, Treibstoff, Lebensprinzip - in seinem furiosen Buch erzählt Bestsellerautor James Gleick, wie die Information zum Kernstück unserer heutigen Zivilisation wurde. Beginnend bei den Wörtern, den "sprechenden" Trommeln in Afrika, über das Morsealphabet und bis hin zur Internetrevolution beleuchtet er, wie die Übermittlung von Informationen die Gesellschaften prägten und veränderten. Gleick erläutert die Theorien, die sich mit dem Codieren und Decodieren, der Übermittlung von Inhalten und dem Verbreiten der Myriaden von Botschaften beschäftigen. Er stellt die bekannten und unbekannten Pioniere der Informationsgesellschaft vor: Claude Shannon, Norbert Wiener, Ada Byron, Alan Turing und andere. Er bietet dem Leser neue Einblicke in die Mechanismen des Informationsaustausches. So lernt dieser etwa die sich selbst replizierende Meme kennen, die "DNA" der Informationen. Sein Buch ermöglicht ein neues Verständnis von Musik, Quantenmechanik - und eine gänzlich neue Sicht auf die faszinierende Welt der Informationen.

BK

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2012, H.6, S.94-96 (R. Pilous): " ... Bei aller Materialfülle nimmt Gleick einen technokratischen Standpunkt ein - so konsequent, dass er Gedanken zum Verstehen von Information durch den Menschen oder zur Philosophie selbst dort weglässt, wo sie sich aufdrängen. Seiner leidenschaftlich vorgebrachten Vision, die moderne Physik auf eine Art Quanteninformationstheorie zu reduzieren, fehlt eine gründliche Reflexion ebenso wie seiner Darstellung der Theorie der Meme. Und dennoch: Gleicks Projekt einer Gesamtdarstellung des Informationsbegriffs ist mutig, bisher einmalig und im Wesentlichen gelungen."

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)

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Abstract

Founded in 1800 as a resource for lawmakers, the Library of Congress is one of the greatest libraries in existence, with more than 110 million items in holding, including books in 450 different languages, national documents and art works. Conaway (The Smithsonian) investigates the Library's history from the vantage point of the 13 Librarians of Congress, to illustrate how their experiences and contributions have reflected political and intellectual developments in the U.S. Several Librarians of Congress stayed on for decades, dedicating their lives to the institution. The first, John J. Beckley, appointed in 1802 by President Thomas Jefferson, was confronted with an enormous challenge when the original collection was engulfed in flames during the British's burning of the Capitol by the British in 1812. Aimsworth Rand Spofford, appointed by Abraham Lincoln, succeeded in securing copyright deposit at the Library, thus ensuring its place as the national repository. Appointed by William McKinley, Herbert Putnam made the cataloging system available to U.S. libraries, while Archibald MacLeish, appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, established the Library as an important cultural center through his acquisitions and literature programs. The current Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, appointed by Ronald Reagan, has made a good portion of the collection available electronically. This is an engrossing and comprehensive read, as much a history of the people who made the Library of Congress what it is today--a library to the world--as it is a rich chronicle of the magnificent institution.

Classification

AN 88320 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliothekswesen in einzelnen Ländern und einzelne Bibliotheken / Ausländische Bibliotheken / Amerika, Indianische Welt / Nordamerika / USA / Oststaaten / New-England-Staaten (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut)

Footnote

Rez. in: ZfBB 50(2003) H.4, S.234-235 (S. Kuttner): "Als 1800 die Library of Congress mit einer bescheidenen Sammlung von 740 Büchern ins Leben gerufen wurde, bestand ihre Aufgabe zunächst allein darin, das Parlament der Vereinigten Staaten mit »books as may be necessary for the use of Congress« zu versorgen, wie es in dem von Präsident John Adams am 24. April 1800 unterzeichneten Gesetz hieß. Während der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte wuchs die Parlamentsbibliothek zu einem der größten Wissensarsenale heran, dessen Bedeutung weit über Nordamerika hinausreicht. Sie verfügt heute über einen Bestand von annähernd 119 Millionen Büchern, Karten, Handschriften, Kunstwerken, Fotografien, Film- und Tonaufnahmen in rund 460 Sprachen. James Conaway erzählt in dem ebenso reich bebilderten wie anschaulich geschriebenen Band die turbulente Historie der amerikanischen Parlamentsbibliothek vor allem anhand der 13 Männer, die vom Präsidenten derVereinigten Staaten zum Librarian of Congress ernannt wurden und die Institution leiteten. Der Autor spannt so den Bogen der ereignisreichen Geschichte der Kongressbibliothek von lohn Beckley, den Thomas Jefferson 1802 an die Spitze der Bibliothek stellte, über Herbert Putnam, der 40 Jahre lang, von 1899 bis 1939, die Belange der Einrichtung nach innen und außen vertrat, bis zu James H. Billington, den Ronald Reagan 1987 ernannte. Den ansonsten streng chronologischen Aufbau der Darstellung lockert der Verfasser mit vielen Illustrationen und kleineren Essays über zentrale Persönlichkeiten der Zeit, großzügige Förderer und Mäzene, besondere Sammlungen sowie einzigartige Erwerbungen und größere Ereignisse auf, die der Entwicklung der Washingtoner Bibliothek ihren Stempel aufdrückten. Dabei spürt er den Erfahrungen und Beiträgen der einzelnen Bibliothekare nach, deren Leben und Leistung er bisweilen detailliert nachzeichnet. Gleichwohl beschränkt Conaway seinen Blick nicht allein auf die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Bibliotheksmauern; er bettet seine Geschichte der Library of Congress in einen breiten Zusammenhang mit der WeIt um sie herum ein und vermittelt so anschaulich,wie die einzelnen Sammlungen in der Zoo-jährigen Geschichte der Parlamentsbibliothek das politische und geistige Leben der USA widerspiegeln.
Jeder der Bibliotheksdirektoren sah sich mit einer besonderen Herausforderung während seiner Amtszeit konfron tiert: So wurde die gesamte Bibliothek durch den Brand des Kapitols während des britischen Angriffs auf Washington im August 1814 ein Raub der Flammen und mit Thomas Jeffersons Privatbibliothek ein Jahr später wieder errichtet. In den 40er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts musste ein immenser Rückstand von eineinhalb Millionen Bänden katalogisiert werden. Die gigantische Aufgabe,den Kartenkatalog in einen EDV-Katalog umzuwandeln, war in den 80er Jahren zu bewältigen; und die 90er Jahre standen im Zeichen des National Digital Library Program. Gleichwohl prägten auch einzigartige Erwerbungen die Amtszeiten der 13 Bibliotheksdirektoren: Anschaulich erzählt Conaway unter anderem vom Spazierstock Walt Whitmans, dem Nachlass der Gebrüder Wright, den Fotografien aus der Zeit des Bürgerkrieges von Mathew B. Brady, den fünf Stradivariinstrumenten Gertrude Clarke Whitalls oder der Sammlung Leonard Bernsteins. Wer eine wissenschaftlich fundierte, gar kritische Geschichte der Library of Congress erwartet, wird diesen in der Tradition der nordamerikanischen coffee-table books stehenden Band eher enttäuscht zur Seite legen. Der Autor stellt die Einzig- und Großartigkeit der US-Parlamentsbibliothek in den Mittelpunkt seiner Darstellung, deren bisweilen recht ehrfürchtiger Erzählton insofern nicht Wunder nehmen darf, als sie in enger Kooperation mit dem Gegenstand des Buches entstand, der Bibliothek und ihren Bibliothekaren. Sein mit einer kleinen, überschaubaren Auswahlbibliografie endendes Werk richtet sich vor allem an ein interessiertes Laienpublikum, dem die zentrale Bedeutung der de facto zur Nationalbibliothek gewordenen Kongressbibliothek als Schatzkammer nordamerikanischer Kultur und Tradition nahe gebracht werden soll. Die große Resonanz, die Conaways Bildund Textband im Feuilleton einer beachtlichen Anzahl nordamerikanischer Zeitungen und Magazine erzielte, dürfte den Autor in seinem Anliegen mehr als bestätigt haben; und seine Lektüre ist auch für ein außeramerikanisches Fachpublikum, selbst wenn es mit der Geschichte der Library of Congress schon vertraut ist, ebenso unterhaltsam wie informativ."

RVK

AN 88320 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Bibliothekswesen in einzelnen Ländern und einzelne Bibliotheken / Ausländische Bibliotheken / Amerika, Indianische Welt / Nordamerika / USA / Oststaaten / New-England-Staaten (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut)

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Abstract

This article explores the debates among library science educators in the decade prior to the publication of the Williamson Report in 1923. It explores the lives and work of three prominent California library administrators and educational pioneers: Everett Perry at the Los Angeles Public Library, Joseph Daniels at the Riverside Public Library, and James Gillis, California State Librarian. Perry, Daniels, and Gillis developed innovative and distinctive library training programs at their respective institutions, and in the process they engaged in vigorous, often contentious, correspondence over their educational philosophies and goals and how library education should develop in the future. Their debates reflected current issues in the emerging profession, while their actions prefigured many of the recommendations of the Williamson Report, most notably the transferal of library training to the university. While none of these pioneering library science programs in California have survived, they represent a critical stage in the professionalization and legitimization of library science as an academic discipline.

Biographed

Gillis, James

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Abstract

After two decades in the 21st Century, and despite all the advances in the area, some very important names from past centuries still do not have the recognition they deserve in the global history of library and information science and, specifically, of knowledge organization. Although acknowledged in British librarianship, the name of James Duff Brown (1862-1914) still does not have a proper recognition on a global scale. His contributions to a free and more democratic library had a prominent place in the works and projects he developed during his time at the libraries of Clerkenwell and Islington in London. Free access to the library shelves, an architecture centered on books and people, and classifications that are more dynamic were dreams fulfilled by Brown. With this biographical article, we hope to live up to his legacy and pay homage to a true librarian and an advocate of the public library and subject classification.

Biographed

Brown: James Duff

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Abstract

Describes the collection of gambling held at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas James Dickinson Library. Gives a brief history of gambling in Nevada and describes the library's collection development policy. Examines how the collection has been catalogued discussing cataloguing policies, subject heading, and classification

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of librarianship and information science 27(1995) no.1, S.51-52 (S. James)