Search (1184 results, page 1 of 60)

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Abstract

Reports the hearing on libraries and their role in the information infrastructure held by the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities on 19 Apr 1994 and timed to coincide with National Library Week and Legislative Day. Contributions highlighted the degree to which library services in libraries throughout the USA are enhanced by electronic data transmission and the urgent need on the part of libraries for support from federal government with funding their policies

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Source

Les bibliothèques: tradition et mutation: mélanges offerts à Jean-Pierre Clavel à l'occasion de son 65e annivérsaire

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Abstract

Obituary. On 26 November 2020 the information/knowledge professions lost a pioneer whose work has been an inspiration to successive generations of our colleagues, and still influences knowledge organization techniques today. Jean Aitchison was probably best known for her innovative 1969 publication Thesaurofacet, combining a faceted classification with a thesaurus, and for the classic text Thesaurus construction: a practical manual which she co-authored through four editions starting in 1972. Those two works provided, respectively, a model for best practice and a crystal clear guide to the intellectual task of building a thesaurus.

Biographed

Aitchison, Jean

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Abstract

In April 93 the Cheshire Library Service and the Cheshire Deaf society, UK began collaboration on a project to satisfy the information needs of deaf and hard of hearing people. Describes the aims and objectives of the project, the Carnegie Bulletin Board, the installation of personal computers, the use of videophone technology, deaf awreness trainig, the video lending service for the deaf, the input of the National Captioning Institute, and a survey of user needs

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Abstract

Jean Hirons, CONSER Coordinator, Library of Congress, discusses her career in serials cataloging and control. Topics include the revision of AACR concerning seriality and treatment of continuing resources, Hirons' critical role in this process, and the roles of other individuals and of CONSER task forces; harmonization of AACR proposed revisions with ISBD/S and ISSN standards and practices; changes in CONSER's governance; the continuing development of CONSER's Serials Cataloging Cooperative Training Program (SCCTP); the creation of a publication pattern database; and CONSER's future.

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Abstract

Jean Weihs, Nancy B. Olson, and Verna Urbanski discuss their careers as catalog librarians and educators. Topics covered include the development of audiovisual cataloging standards from the late 1960s to 2002, the impact of audiovisual cataloging practice on the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR), implications of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), cataloging education, and the future of cataloging as a professional activity.

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Abstract

- Wachstumsfeld 3D-Internet - wertvolle Informationen hochkarätiger Fachleute Virtuelle Welten entwickeln sich in der industrialisierten Welt zu einem Massenphänomen. Millionen Menschen schaffen sich eine zweite Identität in Second Life, agieren als künstliche "Wesen", den Avataren in virtuellen Umgebungen oder spielen Online-Rollenspiele. Der Reiz der virtuellen Welten liegt in der Überwindung der Grenzen, die in einem realen Leben gesetzt sind. Ganz neue Geschäftsmöglichkeiten können hier entstehen. Ein Unternehmen nach dem anderen baut daher seine Insel in den virtuellen Welten. In zahlreichen Beiträgen erhalten Sie in diesem Band wertvolle Informationen, um selbst in den virtuellen Welten operieren zu können: - Boas Betzler von IBM Research, Wappingers Falls, NY erläutert Anforderungen an die technologische Infrastruktur, - Claus Nehmzow von der PA Consulting Group, London nimmt sie mit auf eine Geschäftsreise in Second Life, - Daniel Michelis von der Universität der Künste, Berlin zeigt, wie Sie Ihren Avatar studieren lassen können, - Dr. Wolfram Proksch von Proksch & Fritsche Rechtsanwälte, Wien klärt auf über Cyberspace Regulation, - Robert Gehorsam von Forterra Systems, NY berichtet über Erfahrungen mit Mitarbeiterschulung in den virtuellen Welten und - Jean Miller von Linden Lab, San Francisco beleuchtet Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, die sie für Second Life sieht. Ungezählte weitere Aspekte der faszinierenden virtuellen Welten werden behandelt und geben Ihnen Antwort zu vielfältigen Fragestellungen, die sich in diesem Zusammenhang stellen (sollten).

Classification

AP 18420 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Arten des Nachrichtenwesens, Medientechnik / Internet

RVK

AP 18420 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Arten des Nachrichtenwesens, Medientechnik / Internet

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Abstract

Passage of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was a significant milestone in congressional information policy legislation. However, the results were widely criticized in some circles as providing too much Power to certain stakeholder groups. This paper uses computerbased content analysis and a theoretical taxonomy of information policy values to analyze congressional hearing testimony. The results of document coding were then analyzed using a variety of statistical tools to map how different stakeholders framed issues in the debate and determine if congressional value statements about the legislation conformed more closely to certain stakeholders. Results of the analysis indicate that significant differences in the use of information policy terms occurred across stakeholders, and showed varying degrees of convergence between congressional or other stakeholders when framing information policy issues.

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Abstract

Understanding and modeling human experience and emotional response when listening to music are important for better understanding of the stylistic choices in musical composition. In this work, we explore the relation of audio signal structure to human perceptual and emotional reactions. Memory, repetition, and anticipatory structure have been suggested as some of the major factors in music that might influence and possibly shape these responses. The audio analysis was conducted on two recordings of an extended contemporary musical composition by one of the authors. Signal properties were analyzed using statistical analyses of signal similarities over time and information theoretic measures of signal redundancy. They were then compared to Familiarity Rating and Emotional Force profiles, as recorded continually by listeners hearing the two versions of the piece in a live-concert setting. The analysis shows strong evidence that signal properties and human reactions are related, suggesting applications of these techniques to music understanding and music information-retrieval systems.

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Abstract

Collection development theory has generally neglected issues of fairness in the treatment of materials dealing with politics, religion, and other controversial subjects. The communication theory of Jurgen Habermas is proposed as a basis for a rational policy, and for dealing with difficult cases. It is suggested that as ideological conflict becomes less important in the relations between religious groups, it will be more acceptable for libraries to serve the particular religious interest of specific communities, rather than to treat religions as interest groups that, like political parties, should get "equal time" at all libraries. It is further argued that religious fundamentalism and "creation science" are not entitled in the library to "equal time" with science, since our society has made a provisional decision that such questions are most appropriately answered by conventional science. When the status of science is itself the issue, however, its critics from religion and elsewhere are entitled to a respectful and equitable hearing.

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Abstract

According to Jean M. Tague-Sutcliffe "informetrics" is "the study of the quantitative aspects of information in any form, not just records or bibliographies, and in any social group, not just scientists" (Tague-Sutcliffe, 1992, 1). Leo Egghe also defines "informetrics" in a very broad sense. "(W)e will use the term' informetrics' as the broad term comprising all-metrics studies related to information science, including bibliometrics (bibliographies, libraries,...), scientometrics (science policy, citation analysis, research evaluation,...), webometrics (metrics of the web, the Internet or other social networks such as citation or collaboration networks), ..." (Egghe, 2005b,1311). According to Concepcion S. Wilson "informetrics" is "the quantitative study of collections of moderatesized units of potentially informative text, directed to the scientific understanding of information processes at the social level" (Wilson, 1999, 211). We should add to Wilson's units of text also digital collections of images, videos, spoken documents and music. Dietmar Wolfram divides "informetrics" into two aspects, "system-based characteristics that arise from the documentary content of IR systems and how they are indexed, and usage-based characteristics that arise how users interact with system content and the system interfaces that provide access to the content" (Wolfram, 2003, 6). We would like to follow Tague-Sutcliffe, Egghe, Wilson and Wolfram (and others, for example Björneborn & Ingwersen, 2004) and call this broad research of empirical information science "informetrics". Informetrics includes therefore all quantitative studies in information science. If a scientist performs scientific investigations empirically, e.g. on information users' behavior, on scientific impact of academic journals, on the development of the patent application activity of a company, on links of Web pages, on the temporal distribution of blog postings discussing a given topic, on availability, recall and precision of retrieval systems, on usability of Web sites, and so on, he or she contributes to informetrics. We see three subject areas in information science in which such quantitative research takes place, - information users and information usage, - evaluation of information systems, - information itself, Following Wolfram's article, we divide his system-based characteristics into the "information itself "-category and the "information system"-category. Figure 1 is a simplistic graph of subjects and research areas of informetrics as an empirical information science.

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.8, S.385-389

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Content

1996 reichte der amerikanische Physiker Alan Sokal einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity (deutsch: Die Grenzen überschreiten: Auf dem Weg zu einer transformativen Hermeneutik der Quantengravitation) bei der amerikanischen, für ihre postmoderne Ausrichtung bekannten Zeitschrift für Cultural studies Social Text zur Veröffentlichung ein. Diese druckte ihn unbeanstandet mit anderen in einer Sondernummer ab. Kurz nach der Veröffentlichung bekannte Sokal in einer anderen Zeitschrift, Lingua Franca, dass es sich bei dem Aufsatz um eine Parodie handle. Er habe die zusammengesuchten Zitate verschiedener postmoderner Denker mit dem typischen Jargon dieser Denkrichtung zu einem Text montiert, dessen unsinniger Inhalt bei Beachtung wissenschaftlicher Standards, so der Vorwurf an die Herausgeber von Social Text, als solcher hätte erkannt werden müssen. Dieser Vorfall löste im akademischen Milieu und der Presse (der Fall kam immerhin bis auf die Titelseite der New York Times) eine öffentliche Diskussion aus, wie dieser Vorfall im Besonderen und die Seriosität der postmodernen Philosophie im Allgemeinen zu bewerten sei. Sokal und Vertreter des kritisierten Personenkreises führten die Diskussion in weiteren Zeitschriftenartikeln fort und verteidigten ihre Standpunkte. 1997 veröffentlichte Sokal zusammen mit seinem belgischen Kollegen Jean Bricmont dazu ein Buch mit dem Titel Impostures Intellectuelles (übersetzt: Intellektuelle Hochstapeleien, deutscher Titel: Eleganter Unsinn), in dem er seine Thesen erklärt und an Beispielen von Texten bedeutender postmoderner französischer Philosophen erläutert (namentlich Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Deleuze/Félix Guattari, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, Bruno Latour und Paul Virilio und - obwohl kein Postmoderner, als historisches Beispiel - Henri Bergson). In diesem Buch gaben Sokal/Bricmont - neben der Verteidigung gegen den vermuteten Missbrauch der Wissenschaft - auch ein politisches Motiv für ihren Vorstoß an. Sie bekannten sich zur politischen Linken und vertraten die Meinung, dass die zunehmende Verbreitung der postmodernen Denkrichtung in der Linken deren Fähigkeit zu wirkungsvoller Gesellschaftskritik schwäche. (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokal-Aff%C3%A4re)

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Abstract

Jean Tague-Sutcliffe was an important figure in information retrieval experimentation. Here, she reviews the history of IR research, and provides a description of the fundamental paradigm of information retrieval experimentation that continues to dominate the field.

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Abstract

Analyzing social media has become a common way for capturing and understanding people's opinions, sentiments, interests, and reactions to ongoing events. Social media has thus become a rich and real-time source for various kinds of public opinion and sentiment studies. According to psychology and neuroscience, human emotions are known to be strongly dependent on sensory perceptions. Although sensation is the most fundamental antecedent of human emotions, prior works have not looked into their relation to emotions based on social media texts. In this paper, we report the results of our study on sensation effects that underlie human emotions as revealed in social media. We focus on the key five types of sensations: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. We first establish a correlation between emotion and sensation in terms of linguistic expressions. Then, in the second part of the paper, we define novel features useful for extracting sensation information from social media. Finally, we design a method to classify texts into ones associated with different types of sensations. The sensation dataset resulting from this research is opened to the public to foster further studies.

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Content

Inhalt: Part I. General Reflections The Value of Information Visualization / Jean-Daniel Fekete, Jarke J van Wijk, John T. Stasko, Chris North Evaluating Information Visualizations / Sheelagh Carpendale Theoretical Foundations of Information Visualization / Helen C. Purchase, Natalia Andrienko, T.J. Jankun-Kelly, Matthew Ward Teaching Information Visualization / Andreas Kerren, John T. Stasko, Jason Dykes Part II. Specific Aspects Creation and Collaboration: Engaging New Audiences for Information Visualization / Jeffrey Heer, Frank van Ham, Sheelagh Carpendale, Chris Weaver, Petra Isenberg Process and Pitfalls in Writing Information Visualization Research Papers / Tamara Munzner Visual Analytics: Definition, Process, and Challenges / Daniel Keim, Gennady Andrienko, Jean-Daniel Fekete, Carsten Görg, Jörn Kohlhammer, Guy Melancon

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Abstract

This publication reflects the content and richness of the IFLA satellite meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2003. It was devoted to e-learning for the marketing and management of libraries and was organized by the IFLA Management & Marketing Section, with the help of the University of Geneva, the Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information des bibliotheques (ENSSIB, France) and the Agence Intergouvernementale de la FrancophonieI INTIF. Contributions from experts examine the fundamental e-learning issues raised in Africa, Europe, India and North America, as weIl as illustrating the power and diversity of this new teaching medium. In the final, informal discussions, chaired by Réjean Savard and Jean-Michel Salaün, we are given many tentative insights into what the future holds for both teachers and students alike.

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Abstract

In this work, we fill the gap in the Semantic Web in the context of Cultural Symbolism. Building upon earlier work in \citesartini_towards_2021, we introduce the Simulation Ontology, an ontology that models the background knowledge of symbolic meanings, developed by combining the concepts taken from the authoritative theory of Simulacra and Simulations of Jean Baudrillard with symbolic structures and content taken from "Symbolism: a Comprehensive Dictionary'' by Steven Olderr. We re-engineered the symbolic knowledge already present in heterogeneous resources by converting it into our ontology schema to create HyperReal, the first knowledge graph completely dedicated to cultural symbolism. A first experiment run on the knowledge graph is presented to show the potential of quantitative research on symbolism.

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Abstract

From one of the most original and influential neuroscientists at work today, here is an exploration of consciousness unlike any other-as told by Galileo, who opened the way for the objectivity of science and is now intent on making subjective experience a part of science as well. Giulio Tononi is one of the most creative and the most influential neurologists in the world nowadays. Tononis way of exploring consciousness is different from those of the others, which is that his course of exploring consciousness is narrated by Galileo who used to pave the way for the objectivity of science and devoted himself to making subjective experience a part of science in the book Phi:a Voyage from the Brain to the Soul. Galileo's journey has three parts, each with a different guide. In the first, accompanied by a scientist who resembles Francis Crick, he learns why certain parts of the brain are important and not others, and why consciousness fades with sleep. In the second part, when his companion seems to be named Alturi (Galileo is hard of hearing; his companion's name is actually Alan Turing), he sees how the facts assembled in the first part can be unified and understood through a scientific theory-a theory that links consciousness to the notion of integrated information (also known as phi). In the third part, accompanied by a bearded man who can only be Charles Darwin, he meditates on how consciousness is an evolving, developing, ever-deepening awareness of ourselves in history and culture-that it is everything we have and everything we are. Not since Gödel, Escher, Bach has there been a book that interweaves science, art, and the imagination with such originality. This beautiful and arresting narrative will transform the way we think of ourselves and the world.