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  1. Dailey, J.E.: Subject headings (1980) 0.21 
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    Abstract
    Enthält Geschichte der Library of Congress Subject Headings und Sears' list
    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
  2. Library of Congress Subject Headings (1994) 0.15 
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    Content
    Enthält 206.300 subject headings; Zuwachs des letzten Jahres: 8.000; alphabetische Liste aller früheren, nun nicht mehr gültigen headings (Earlier forms); umfangreiche Einleitung
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch Cataloging service bulletin. No.46(1989) S.65-66; ab 12th ed. 1989 jährliche Erscheinungsweise. - Neben Papierausgabe Mikrofiche und CD-ROM Ausgabe (CDMARC Subjects, $475,-; vgl. Demo-Diskette) mit jeweils vierteljährlicher Ergänzung. - Erste Ausgabe: 1911 'List of Subject Headings for use in dictionary catalogs'. Chicago: ALA 1911. - Vgl. zur Geschichte: Dailey, J.E. Subject headings in ELIS
  3. Townley, H.M.; Gee, R.G.: Thesaurus-making : grow your own wordstock (1980) 0.15 
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    LCSH
    Subject headings
    Subject
    Subject headings
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  4. Sears' list of subject headings (2018) 0.15 
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    Abstract
    The system is available both in print and online versions. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition, there are a total of 1,600 new headings making it a total of 12,000+ preferred headings meant for subject access in small and medium sized libraries. This unprecedented increase of about 1,600 headings is mostly due the complete incorporation of the Canadian Sears last published independently in 2006. Also critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. Concludes to say the new edition in resplendent, hard binding maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings both for applications and a teaching resource.
    Footnote
    Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).
    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
  5. Gilchrist, A.: ¬The thesaurus in retrieval (1971) 0.14 
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    Classification
    AN 94200 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Thesauruskunde
    LCSH
    Subject headings
    RVK
    AN 94200 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Thesauruskunde
    Subject
    Subject headings
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  6. Aitchison, J.; Gilchrist, A.: Thesaurus construction : a practical manual (1987) 0.13 
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    LCSH
    Subject headings
    Subject
    Subject headings
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  7. Satija, M.P.: ¬The sixteenth edition (1987) of the Sears' List of Subject Headings : some salient features in historical perspective of its Platinum Jubilee Year (1998) (1998) 0.13 
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    Footnote
    Enthält eine Liste der 16 Auflagen der Sears' List mit den jeweiligen Herausgeberinnen / Herausgebern und Neuerungen
    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
  8. Lancaster, F.W.: Vocabulary control for information retrieval (1986) 0.12 
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    Classification
    ST 271 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme / Einzelne Datenbanksprachen und Datenbanksysteme
    LCSH
    Subject headings
    RVK
    ST 271 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme / Einzelne Datenbanksprachen und Datenbanksysteme
    Subject
    Subject headings
  9. Vasiljev, A.: Thesaurus project of the Delft University of Technology Library : Allgemeiner Thesaurus für Bibliotheken (1982) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Discussion of the results and consequences of the automation project named thesaurus/concordance project, carried out at the DUT Library. The aim of the project was, by making the subject headings and their corresponding classification codes machine readable, to produce periodically cumulative lists, classifies lists, lists per subject fields, alphabetical lists of inverted subheadings and geographical names with their corresponding main headings and notations
    Source
    Numerische und nicht-numerische Klassifikation zwischen Theorie und Praxis. Proc. der 5. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Hofgeismar, 7.-10.4.1981. Hrsg.: Peter Ihm u.a
  10. Stone, A.T.: ¬The LCSH century : a brief history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings, and introduction to the centennial essays (2000) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    The history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings is traced, from its beginnings with the implementation of a dictionary catalog at the Library of Congress in 1898 to the present day. The author describes the most significant changes which have occurred in LCSH policies and practices during the 100-year period. Events noted near the end of the century indicate an increased willingness on the part of' the Library of Congress to involve the larger library community in the creation or revision of subject headings and other decision-making regarding the LCSH system. Finally, the author provides a summary of the other contributions to this collection of essays, a collection which celebrates the "centennial" of the world's most popular library subject heading language
    Content
    Mit einer Publikationsgeschichte der LCSH (vgl. Tabellen) und dazu gehörenden Publikationen
    Source
    The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone
  11. Heiner-Freiling, M.: Survey on subject heading languages used in national libraries and bibliographies (2000) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Surveys conducted during the last four years under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Associations and Organizations (IFLA) reveal that the Library of Congress Subject Headings is heavily used in national libraries outside of the United States, particularly in English-speaking countries. Many other countries report using a translation or adaptation of LCSH as their principal subject heading language. Magda Heiner-Freiling presents an analysis of the IFLA data, which also includes information on the classification schemes used by the libraries and whether or not the libraries have produced a manual on the creation and application of subject headings. The paper concludes with an Appendix showing the complete data from the 88 national libraries that respond to the surveys
    Content
    Mit einer tabellarischen Übersicht der eingesetzten Systeme und Regeln
    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
    Source
    The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone
  12. Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
    Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
    Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
  13. Aitchison, J.; Gilchrist, A.; Bawden, D.: Thesaurus construction and use : a practical manual (1997) 0.10 
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    LCSH
    Subject headings / Terminology
    Subject
    Subject headings / Terminology
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  14. Olderr, S.: Olderr's fiction subject headings : a supplement and guide to the LC thesaurus (1991) 0.10 
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    Content
    Enthält in einem Appendix A: 'Guidelines on subject access to individual works of fiction, drama, etc.' des American Library Association Subject Analysis Committee; und in einem Appendix B die Verfahrensweise der Library of Congress bei der Zuteilung von Library of Congress Subject Headings zur Schönen Literatur
  15. Aitchison, J.; Gilchrist, A.; Bawden, D.: Thesaurus construction and use : a practical manual (2000) 0.10 
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    LCSH
    Subject headings / Terminology
    Subject
    Subject headings / Terminology
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  16. Coates, E.J.: Subject catalogues : headings and structure (1960) 0.10 
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    Classification
    AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
    RVK
    AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
  17. Russell, M.A.: Inconsistencies in subject headings in young adult resources (1991) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Compares language-related subject headings used in 'Sears list of subject headings' and 'Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)'. Comments on the inconsistent application of subdivisions for the Spanish and French laguages and literature. Describes the results of a survey of student knowledge of subject headings
    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
  18. Jahns, Y.; Karg, H.: Translingual retrieval : Moving between vocabularies - MACS 2010 (2011) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Within the multilingual framework of the CrissCross project, MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) has continued its work. MACS has developed a prototype of mappings between three vocabularies: the LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings), RAMEAU (Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié) and the SWD (Schlagwortnormdatei). A database with a Link Management System (LMI), which allows for an easy linking between English, French and German subject headings, was created. The database started working with headings from the disciplines sports and theatre, but by now headings from all other fields of knowledge have been included as well. In 2008-2010, equivalencies between English and French headings which had been produced by the Bibliothèque nationale de France have been completed with the most important German SWD topical terms. Thus, more than 50.000 trilingual links are now available and can be used in different retrieval scenarios. It is planned to use them in The European Library (TEL) in order to support multilingual searches over all European National Library collections. The article informs about the project workflow, methodology of mapping and future applications of MACS links.
    Series
    Bibliotheca Academica - Reihe Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften; Bd. 1
  19. Studwell, W.E.: LC's head in the sand, or, why the Subject Cataloging Manual is not enough (1993) 0.10 
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    Footnote
    Bezugnahme auf: 'Subject cataloging manual: subject headings. 4th ed. Washington 1991' und Vorläufer
  20. Hunter, E.J.; Bakewell, K.G.B.: Cataloguing (1991) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Eine Einführung in der Probleme der Formal- und Inhaltserschließung
    Content
    Revised to take account of the 1988 revision of AACR2, the publication of new ISBD texts, the changed format of LC subject headings and progress in computer applications

Authors

Years

Languages

  • d 32
  • m 4
  • es 1
  • nl 1
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Types

  • a 1401
  • m 380
  • el 127
  • s 115
  • i 25
  • n 19
  • b 16
  • r 14
  • x 12
  • p 4
  • ? 3
  • d 3
  • h 3
  • l 2
  • v 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications