Search (43 results, page 1 of 3)

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Footnote

Indexing and summarizing: why and how?

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Footnote

Übers. des Titels: How to index a picture?

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BK

06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens

Classification

AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation
06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens

Footnote

Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."

RVK

AN 93400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Klassifikation

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Abstract

In the frame of an issue of the Documentaliste devoted to the history of information science in France, the author of this article looks at the development of the two main families of information languages, hierarchical and analytical ones and attempts to discern how and how much this evolution has been influenced by the elements of information searching systems, literature, indexers, designers, users, searching techniques and indexing techniques

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Abstract

Analyzed a special type of man-mchine interaction, that of searching an information system with natural language. A model for full text processing for information retrieval was proposed that considered the system's users and how they employ information. Describes how INIST (the National Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) is developing computer assisted indexing as an aid to improving relevance when retrieving information from bibliographic data banks

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Abstract

Attempts to synthesize the findings of American writers of disparate viewpoints on the social phenomena of virtual environments. Travel in virtual communities is always accompanied by tension between the real and the virtual. By observing user behaviour, the authors under review are attempting to discover what happens on networks; how a community can form from a database; how rules, conventions and new cultures are formed; and the effects of virtual environments on personality

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Abstract

Considers how Intranets are being developed by adapting Internet technologies. Discusses the Internet technologies of data transport, file transfer, massage exchange, and information and document dissemination on the Web and explains how these may be implemented within an organization. Documentation professionals may use these techniques to improve the circulation of information within a company and increase the accumulation of knowledge

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Abstract

Difficulties in accessing databases are linked to the (mostly different) organization of knowledge in a consulted field. These difficulties pose the problem of how to assist a user in his search

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Abstract

Explains how bibliography, whether analytic or synthetic, should be enhanced and replaced by 'bibliographic exegesis', an interpretative and critical endeavour contributing to the development of a methodology for information hermeneutics

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Abstract

While the French bibliothèques départementales de prêt (BDP) differ from other public libraries in having no direct contact with the public, they nevertheless have stock to be organized by traditional professional procedures. Describes how the BDP of the Savoie departement simplified its use of the DDC, reducing the hitherto lengthy class marks and creating a reasonable proportion between the numer of subdivisions and the volumes on the shelves. Enumerates the objectives and obstacles which had to be overcome and explains how the reclassification was carried out from 1994.96 using Opsys 7.03 and Word. The exercise has also had an impact on weeding and acquisition

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Abstract

The Cinémathèque, founded in 1963, houses a film collection of some 27.000 items. The manual catalogue had long proved inadequate, and in 1989 computerization was put in hand, on a very limited budget. The initial choice of US software (STAR) in the absence of a suitable French-language program, resulted in a succession of problems, because of the necessity of adapting STAR for French and the lack of finance to buy in specialist expertise. Describes how staff developed database structures, subject headings, and cataloguing rules. It is hoped to complete the project by the end of 1993

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Abstract

Describes how the Bibliothèque Nationale, in order to participate in the establishment of a comprehensive multimedia catalogue by the Bibliothèque de France, undertook to convert the 6.000.000 entries in its many and diverse manual catalogues and load them on to magnetic tape. Discusses the management of the project under the following headings: establishment of the initative, the operations phase, the launching of phase 2, evaluation of the project, and choice of catalogue for the Bibliothèque de France

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Abstract

Demonstrates how the efficiency of online searching can be increased the application of conceptual logic; which consists of making systematically explicit all the notional, semantic, and cognitive elements contained in the subject to be searched. Unlike a thesaurus, which has been designed for the most probable, multiple uses, conceptual logic makes it possible to access information through means fully adapted to specific uses. Examples are presented from the TOPIC information retrieval software

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Abstract

Knowledge and information have become priority areas in today's society and organizations have come to accept that human resources are indispensable in managing them. The 4 key factors in an organization are believed to be: the excellence of its employees; client satisfaction; good financial management; and performance measurement. Explains how ASTED has faced this period of change and disruption by focusing on these 4 key factors, by breaking down barriers, and by forming partnerships which will increase the visibility of information and guarantee ASTED a strategic position in society

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Abstract

The advent of the microcomputer poses the question of how to classifiy records produced electronically. Discusses the nature and function of classification, reflects on the nature of electronic records, and attempts to reconcile the exactness of classification with the power of the computer while examining the appropriateness of applying an existing classification schemes for records to a collection of electronic records

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Abstract

Information research using keywords is largely ignored by readers but in medium sized libraries such as that of the City of Science and Industry (Paris), with a multimedia collection of some 200.000 documents, it is the most effective tool. The reader, however, needs guidance in using this technique, and in refining searches to reduce noise. Examples are given demonstrating how keyword searches can identify non-indexed material, documents in other languages, and collective authors

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Abstract

A practical guide to the problems of using existing standards (ISBD) and formats (UNIMARC), indicating how specific zones and fields can be adapted to accomodate bibliographic details. Retrieving records instead of cataloguing inhouse is not at present a feasible option: of the 2 main suppliers of records on CD-ROM, one has only limited coverage and the other does not allow downloading

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Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Die Welt der Dokumentation ist in den letzten Jahren in Bewegung geraten. Neben den Aufgaben der traditionellen Erwerbung, der Erfassung und der Bewahrung der Dokumente sind neue Aktionsfelder auf der Bildfläche erschienen; die Auswertung, die Retrokonversion und die Verbunfkataloge, die Datenbankabfrage und die Abfragemöglichkeiten für Benutzer, die Konzeption der Informationssysteme sowie die Expertenberatung. Neue Berufsfelder sind enstanden: Informationsvermittler und -berater