-
Pettee, J.: ¬The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog (1985)
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- Abstract
- Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
-
Pettee, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information (1985)
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- Abstract
- Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
-
Pettee, J.: Fundamental principles of the dictionary catalog (1985)
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- Abstract
- Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
-
Eversberg, B.: Zur Katalogpolitik der alten Hochschulbibliotheken : Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (1978)
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- Abstract
- After a long delay the final edition of RAK has been published. The old university libraries have suffered for years from using the Prussian Instructions which are obsolete and time-consuming; they have hesitated to give their old catalogues up but should do so as soon as possible. A new cataloguing policy is now needed, moving away from traditional practices that still govern even RAK towards simplified rules suitable for future developments such as use in centralised regional catalogues and in automated data processing. Simplified rules are proposed and discussed in relation to American and British minimal cataloguing, with suggestions for changes in basic terminology, general rules, main and subordinate entries, personal name and corporate body entries and subject headings
-
Tantner, A.: Suchen und Finden vor Google : eine Skizze (2011)
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- Abstract
- Es gab eine Zeit vor Google, die Karteikarten, Enzyklopädien, Adress- und Telefonbücher kannte. Es gab "Menschmedien", die als Suchmaschinen betrachtet werden können, wie Diener, "Zubringerinnen" und Hausmeister, und es gab Auskunftscomptoirs und Zeitungsausschnittsdienste. Der Beitrag möchte einige dieser Einrichtungen in Erinnerung rufen.
- Content
- Inhalt 1. Einleitung 2. Verzeichnisse von Büchern 3. Anordnung und Erschließung des Wissens 4. Datensammlungen in staatlichem und privatem Auftrag 5. Menschliche Informationseinrichtungen 6. Institutionen der Informationsvermittlung 7. Adressbücher und Personensuche 8. Schluss
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 64(2011) H.1, S.42-69
-
Martínez-Arellano, F.F.: Cataloging and classification history in Mexico (2002)
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- Abstract
- This article discusses cataloging and classification history in Mexico and how cataloging and classification have evolved according to the changes that libraries and library science have experienced on both a national and international level. The first part of the article refers to the first half of the twentieth century, detailing the origins of cataloging and classification history. The second part presents discussion of the development and consolidation of both cataloging and classification during the second half of the twentieth century. The article also discusses subject headings, automation, centralization, and union catalogs in Mexico. It discusses past difficulties in creating a union catalog at a national level and the advantages of automated systems in helping to develop this needed union catalog. The article discusses the need to resume publication of the Bibliografía Mexicana. One of the main problems that Mexican libraries have faced is a scarcity of librarians adequately prepared to perform cataloging and classification of their collections. This lack of librarians is even more acute in the Mexican states. There are insufficient numbers of students in library schools to provide the staffing that libraries demand not only for cataloguing and classification but also for many other library activities.
-
Smiraglia, R.P.: ¬The history of "The Work" in the modern catalog (2003)
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- Abstract
- From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.
-
Smiraglia, R.P.: ¬The history of "The Work" in the modern catalog (2003)
0.02
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- Abstract
- From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.
-
Schmitz, W.: Alte und neue Realkataloge : Katalog und lebendige Wissenschaft (1931)
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-
Fuchs, W.: Zur Theorie und Praxis des Realkatalogs : Untersuchungen über wissenschaftliche Bibliotheksordnung. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Sach- und Fachbibliographie. Bd.1-2. Ergbd.: Optimale Klassifikation und Notation. Grundgedanken und geschichtliche Materialien (1941-58)
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-
Santa, L. della: Über den Bau und die Verwaltung einer öffentlichen Universalbibliothek : mit einem veranschaulichenden Plan (1984)
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- Footnote
- Darin Kap.10: Über den Bücherkatalog und über das bibliographische Verzeichnis (S.58-74)
-
Schultze, W.: ¬Die Zukunft unserer Realkataloge (1928)
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- Imprint
- Berlin : Verl. von Struppe und Winckler
- Source
- Von Büchern und Bibliotheken. [Festschrift] Ernst Kuhnert. Hrsg.: Gustav Abb
-
Juntke, F.: ¬Die Katalogreform der ULB zu Halle an der Saale durch Otto Hartwig (1967)
0.02
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- Imprint
- Halle : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
- Series
- Schriften zum Bibliotheks- und Büchereiwesen in Sachsen-Anhalt; 20
-
Kasprzik, A.: Vorläufer der Internationalen Katalogisierungsprinzipien (2014)
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- Abstract
- Für eine korrekte und zielführende Formalerschließung lassen sich drei Ebenen von Leitlinien definieren: Zielsetzungen, Prinzipien und Regeln der Katalogisierung. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich hauptsächlich mit den (möglichen) Zielsetzungen und Prinzipien der Katalogisierung. In der Einleitung der im Jahr 2009 herausgegebenen "Erklärung zu den Internationalen Katalogisierungsprinzipien" (ICP) ist vermerkt, dass die dort vorgelegte Prinzipiensammlung aufbaut auf "den großen Katalogtraditionen der Welt". Diese Traditionen werden dann mit drei Referenzen aus der frühen Fachliteratur belegt: Den Schriften von Charles A. Cutter (1904), Shiyali R. Ranganathan (1955) und Seymour Lubetzky (1969). In diesem Artikel werden nach einem kurzen chronologischen Überblick die drei genannten Publikationen und insbesondere die darin enthaltenen Feststellungen zu Sinn und Zweck von international einheitlichen Prinzipien für die bibliothekarische Formalerschließung in ihren geschichtlichen Kontext eingeordnet und ihr jeweiliger Einfluss auf die diversen existierenden Formulierungen von Zielen und Prinzipien näher beleuchtet. Außerdem werden einige bemerkenswert moderne Gedankengänge in den betreffenden Schriften aufgezeigt. Ein abschließendes Fazit fasst die wichtigsten Zielsetzungen und Prinzipien der Katalogisierung noch einmal mit Bezug auf die verwendete Literatur zur Theorie der Informationsorganisation zusammen.
-
Gündogar, F.: Kurztitelkatalogisierung in der Stadtbücherei Bochum : Überlegungen zur Verkürzung von Titelaufnahmen und ihre Realisierung in einem computergestützten System (1987)
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- Series
- Kölner Arbeiten zum Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen; H.9
-
Vorstius, J.: Kritische Gedanken über den neuesten Beitrag zur Kataloggeschichte und Kataloglehre (1934)
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- Footnote
- Bezugnahme auf: Trebst, H.: Der heutige Erkenntnisstand in der Formal- und in der Sachkatalogisierung in ZfB 51(1934) S.435-450
-
Vorstius, J.: Zur Theorie und Praxis des Realkatalogs (1947)
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-
Bauhuis, W.: Katalogprobleme und ihre Lösungen (1947)
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Predeek, A.: Antonio Panizzi und der alphabetische Katalog des Britischen Museums (1937)
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Nissen, C.: ¬Der Mainzer Sachkatalog in Theorie und Praxis (1937)
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