Search (1435 results, page 1 of 72)

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Footnote

Special-Gespräch mit Intel-Manager Jens Bodenkamp, Sony-Deutschland-Chef Josel Brauner und Telekom-Vorstand Hagen Hultzsch über das Zusammenwachsen von Fernsehen und Informationstechnologien

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Abstract

"Wenn das Leben ein Videofilm wäre, würde dieses Buch die Pausetaste sein wollen. Denn die Entwicklung ist so rasant, dass wir keine Zeit mehr haben, uns selbst zu beobachten. Wir sind von den faszinierenden Möglichkeiten und der Geschwindigkeit völlig berauscht. Nur anhalten können wir nicht. Die Technik frisst uns auf." (Thomas Feibel) - Thomas Feibels "Internet-Generation" ist eine gnadenlose Abrechnung mit der "schönen neuen Welt, die klemmt". In seinem Buch setzt er sich provokativ, geistreich und aufklärend mit der Generation des digitalen Zeitalters auseinander und kommt dabei zu überraschenden Ergebnissen. Er führte Gespräche mit Fachleuten und Insidern, Nutzern und Bedenkenträgern. Vom Microsoft-Chef Deutschlands bis zum chatsüchtigen Mädchen, vom renommierten Schriftsteller bis zur Bundesbildungsministerin. Und er wertet umfangreiche Umfragen aus, die von der Hamburger Marktforschungsagentur EARSandEYES unter Kindern und Jugendlichen durchgeführt wurden. Auf der Suche nach Antworten sprach er u.a. mit: * Sten Nadolny * Norbert Blüm * Joseph Weizenbaum * Dieter E. Zimmer * Edelgard Bulmahn * Jens Reich * Peter Glotz * Klaus Mangold * Ulrich Wickert

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Content

"Johannes Gutenberg würde sich im Grab umdrehen. Oder zumindest Kopf stehen, wie die bleiernen Lettern, die er einst erfunden hat. Nicht nur, weil sein Name bereits seit 1994 für ein völlig blei- und druckfreies Erzeugnis herhalten muss - für das Projekt Gutenberg, das rund 250000 Seiten Literatur digital anbietet. Jetzt ist er auch noch zum Spielball einer seltsamen Auseinandersetzung geworden. AOL, der bisherige Server-Gastgeber der virtuellen Bibliothek, machte Schluss mit Gutenberg. Nach fünf Jahren Zusammenarbeit kündigte der Onlinedienst im Juni des vergangenen Jahres dem ProjektErfinder Gunter Hille den Vermarktungsvertrag - mit dem Hinweis, dass man sich doch bitte möglichst bald neue Hilfe suchen solle. Ein ganz normaler Vorgang, sagt AOL-Sprecher Jens Nordlohne. Weil sich AOL auch mal anderen kulturellen und sozialen Projekten widmen wolle. Und Gutenbergs Erbe jetzt auf eigenen Füßen stehen könne. Das konnte es 16 Tage lang nicht. So lange war die literarische Digi-Datenbank offline. Und die Darstellung des Kündigungsvorgangs hört sich aus dem Mund 'von Gunter Hille ganz anders an: Ja, der Werbevertrag sei zwar vergangenes Jahr aufgelöst worden, aber die Kündigung für das Hosting nicht mit einbegriffen gewesen. Die sei erst am 28. Februar mündlich gekommen- quasi von einem Tag auf den anderen. Eine Galgenfrist von zwölf Tagen konnte Hille noch raushandeln, dann war die Kooperation endgültig am Ende und die Seite nicht mehr erreichbar. Die Darstellung wiederum lässt Herrn Nordlohne in die Luft gehen und starke Worte wählen: Unverschämtheit, Unverfrorenheit! Und ebenso starke Bilder: Die Hand, die jahrelang gefüttert hat, werde jetzt gebissen! Herr Hille wiederum sagt, AOL wolle ja bloß nicht mehr Gutenberg Pate sein, weil das Projekt keine lukrativen Werbeeinnahmen verspreche. Der lachende Dritte im Gutenberg-Gezerre ist Spiegel Online. Dort nämlich hat Hille mit seinen Texten ein neues Zuhause gefunden (www.gutenberg2000.de). Und fühlt sich pudelwohl. Eine fantastische Unterstützung und so weiter und so fort, schwärmt er von seinem neuen Speicherplatzhirsch. Er habe rund 20 andere interessante Angebote gehabt und sich schließlich für den Spiegel entschieden. Der Zwist mit AOL brachte Hille nicht nur Arger, sondern sorgte auch für eine ordentliche Publicity. Herr Gutenberg selig hätte sicher den digitalen Kram samt der beschworenen Gutenberg-Galaxis längst zum Teufel gejagt. Angesichts der widersprüchlichen Aussagen der Streithähne würde er wohl das Buch zücken, an dessen Berühmtheit er nicht ganz unbeteiligt ist. Steht doch in der Bibel etwas von "Du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis reden wider Deinen Nächsten." Schwarz auf weiß."

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Content

"Es ist zunächst das gleiche Ziel, das Eltern und Internet-Industrie verfolgen. Beide wollen, dass sich Kinder im Web bewegen können, ohne auf Sex, Gewalt und rassistische Inhalte zu stoßen. Und doch haben beide dabei nicht immer die gleichen Interessen Das wurde bei einer Tagung der Bertelsmann-Stiftung über Jugendschutz und Internet-Filtersysteme deutlich, als die Rede auf Werbung und Online-Verkauf kam. Sollen Internet-Filter Kinder auch vor kommerziellen Angeboten fern halten? Die Kinderschützer wollen, dass Eltern solche Inhalte sperren können. Die Initiatoren des von der Bertelsmann-Stiftung und großen Internet-Firmen unterstützten Icra-Filtersystems halten das für überflüssig. Genauer: Sie glauben nicht, dass die Anbieter von Websites bei der angestrebten freiwilligen Selbstkontrolle mitmachen, wenn sie damit riskieren, sich selbst das Geschäft zu verderben. Und ohne die Mitarbeit der, Anbieter funktioniert das Filtersystern nicht. Ein klassisches Dilemma, das nicht ganz überrascht. Zwar ist die Internet Content Rating Association (Icra) eine unabhängige Non-Profit-Organisation, aber man merkt der von AOL, Microsoft, IBM, T-Online und der Bertelsmann-Stiftung gegründeten Institution ihre Wurzeln deutlich an. Den Firmen liegt vor allem daran, dass das Internet nicht in den Ruf gerät, eine Gefahr für Kinder zu sein. Das Icra-Filtersystern steht und fällt mit der Bereitschaft der Internet-Anbieter, die eigenen Seiten nach einem genormten Raster zu klassifizieren. Diese Beschreibung der Inhalte, die für Kinder und Jugendliche problematisch sein können, ist zunächst wertfrei. Die Betreiber beantworten nur Ja-Nein-Fragen zum faktischen Inhalt. In Bezug auf Sex beispielsweise: Sind nackte weibliche Brüste abgebildet? Wird Geschlechtsverkehr gezeigt? Sind Genitalien zu sehen? Die Betreiber beurteilen nicht, ob die Inhalte der Seiten jugendgefährdend sind. Diese ethische Aufgabe bleibt den Eltern überlassen, die jedes einzelne Element durch ihre Filter sperren lassen können. Je nach moralischem Empfinden können die Eltern ihre eigenen Filter-Schablonen bauen. Alle Seiten, die den ethischen Anforderungen nicht genügen oder kein IcraEtikett haben, werden blockiert. Bisher sind 150.000 Websites klassifiziert - von insgesamt etwa zwei Milliarden. Das ist zu wenig, um das Internet in den Griff zu bekommen. Daher arbeitet die Icra zusätzlich mit Negativ- und Positivlisten, die von unabhängigen Organisationen erstellt werden. Das Bundeskriminalamt stellt sein Verzeichnis rechtsextremer Websites zu Verfügung Die Deutsche Bischofskonferenz der katholischen Kirche und die Kinderrechtsorganisation Terre des hommes haben sich bereit erklärt, auf Positivlisten Websites zu empfehlen, die für Kinder geeignet sind. Weitere Organisationen sollen folgen. Zusätzlich erarbeiten solche unabhängige Organisationen Filter-Schablonen mit Anforderungen an die von den Anbietern klassifizierten Seiten. Das Ergebnis: ein flexibles System von Filtern, die von den Eltern exakt auf die Bedürfnisse ihre Kinder eingestellt werden können. Die Icra versteht sich selbst als Vermittler zwischen den Internet Anbietern und unabhängigen wertorientierten Organisationen. Das hat den Vorteil, dass Icra selbst neutral bleibt und so weltweit agieren kann. Das Internet verbindet viele Kulturen, und deshalb mussen wir kulturelle Unterschiede ernst nehmen", sagt Icra-Vorstandvorsitzender Jens Waltermann. Daher könne auch der Jugendschutz nicht weltweit der gleiche sein. Dazu unterscheidet sich das Empfinden, wovor Kinder geschützt werden sollen, zu stark. Beispielsweise stört 58 Prozent der Deutschen, dass das Internet ein Tummelplatz für Links- und Rechtsextreme ist. Bei den US-Amerikanern sind es nur 26 Prozent. Dafür sind die Amerikaner gegenüber Nacktheit empfindlicher. Die Schwierigkeiten des Icra-Filtersystems spiegeln die grundsätzlichen Probleme einer Kontrolle des Internets wider. Auf der einen Seite sollen Kinder und Jugendliche geschützt werden, andererseits darf die Meinungsfreiheit nicht eingeschränkt werden. Dieser grundsätzliche Widerspruch ist im Icra-System nur verschoben: Die Internet-Anbieter können sich jeder Bewertung enthalten und geben die ethische Einordnung an wertorientierte Organisationen weiter. Das Internet globalisiert die amerikanisch-extensive Meinungsfreiheit und individualisiert die ethische Orientierung."

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Content

Short Papers * A Database Backend for OWL, Jörg Henss, Joachim Kleb and Stephan Grimm. * Unifying SysML and OWL, Henson Graves. * The OWLlink Protocol, Thorsten Liebig, Marko Luther and Olaf Noppens. * A Reasoning Broker Framework for OWL, Juergen Bock, Tuvshintur Tserendorj, Yongchun Xu, Jens Wissmann and Stephan Grimm. * Change Representation For OWL 2 Ontologies, Raul Palma, Peter Haase, Oscar Corcho and Asunción Gómez-Pérez. * Practical Aspects of Query Rewriting for OWL 2, Héctor Pérez-Urbina, Ian Horrocks and Boris Motik. * CSage: Use of a Configurable Semantically Attributed Graph Editor as Framework for Editing and Visualization, Lawrence Levin. * A Conformance Test Suite for the OWL 2 RL/RDF Rules Language and the OWL 2 RDF-Based Semantics, Michael Schneider and Kai Mainzer. * Improving the Data Quality of Relational Databases using OBDA and OWL 2 QL, Olivier Cure. * Temporal Classes and OWL, Natalya Keberle. * Using Ontologies for Medical Image Retrieval - An Experiment, Jasmin Opitz, Bijan Parsia and Ulrike Sattler. * Task Representation and Retrieval in an Ontology-Guided Modelling System, Yuan Ren, Jens Lemcke, Andreas Friesen, Tirdad Rahmani, Srdjan Zivkovic, Boris Gregorcic, Andreas Bartho, Yuting Zhao and Jeff Z. Pan. * A platform for reasoning with OWL-EL knowledge bases in a Peer-to-Peer environment, Alexander De Leon and Michel Dumontier. * Axiomé: a Tool for the Elicitation and Management of SWRL Rules, Saeed Hassanpour, Martin O'Connor and Amar Das. * SQWRL: A Query Language for OWL, Martin O'Connor and Amar Das. * Classifying ELH Ontologies In SQL Databases, Vincent Delaitre and Yevgeny Kazakov. * A Semantic Web Approach to Represent and Retrieve Information in a Corporate Memory, Ana B. Rios-Alvarado, R. Carolina Medina-Ramirez and Ricardo Marcelin-Jimenez. * Towards a Graphical Notation for OWL 2, Elisa Kendall, Roy Bell, Roger Burkhart, Mark Dutra and Evan Wallace.

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Abstract

Organizing and providing access to the resources an the Internet has been a problem area in spite of the availability of sophisticated search engines and other Software tools. There have been several attempts to organize the resources an the WWW. Some of them have tried to use traditional library classification schemes such as the Library of Congress Classification, the Dewey Decimal Classification and others. However there is a need to assign proper subject headings to them and present them in a logical or hierarchical sequence to cater to the need for browsing. This paper attempts to describe an experimental system designed to organize and provide access to web documents using a faceted pre-coordinate indexing system based an the Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS) derived from POPSI (Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing) of Bhattacharyya, and the facet analysis and chain indexing System of Ranganathan. A prototype software system has been designed to create a database of records specifying Web documents according to the Dublin Core and input a faceted subject heading according to DSIS. Synonymous terms are added to the standard terms in the heading using appropriate symbols. Once the data are entered along with a description and URL of the Web document, the record is stored in the system. More than one faceted subject heading can be assigned to a record depending an the content of the original document. The system stores the surrogates and keeps the faceted subject headings separately after establishing a link. Search is carried out an index entries derived from the faceted subject heading using chain indexing technique. If a single term is input, the system searches for its presence in the faceted subject headings and displays the subject headings in a sorted sequence reflecting an organizing sequence. If the number of retrieved headings is too large (running into more than a page) then the user has the option of entering another search term to be searched in combination. The system searches subject headings already retrieved and look for those containing the second term. The retrieved faceted subject headings can be displayed and browsed. When the relevant subject heading is selected the system displays the records with their URLs. Using the URL the original document an the web can be accessed. The prototype system developed under Windows NT environment using ASP and web server is under rigorous testing. The database and indexes management routines need further development.

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Abstract

Provides a list of 19 WWW and gopher sites from which answers to ready reference queries may be obtained. These are arranged under the following headings: ready made collections; date and time; weights and measures; flag wavers; foreign currency; state by state; the elements; and case and tense

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Abstract

Presents a bibliography on evaluating Internet resources in which titles are arranged under the following headings: Internet resources, print resources, and useful listservs

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Abstract

Organizing and providing access to the resources an the Internet has been a problem area in spite of the availability of sophisticated search engines and other Software tools. There have been several attempts to organize the resources an the World Wide Web. Some of them have tried to use traditional library classification schemes such as the Library of Congress Classification, the Dewey Decimal Classification and others. However there is a need to assign proper subject headings to them and present them in a logical or hierarchical sequence to cater to the need for browsing. This paper attempts to describe an experimental system designed to organize and provide access to web documents using a faceted pre-coordinate indexing system based an the Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS) derived from POPSI (Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing) of Bhattacharyya, and the facet analysis and chain indexing system of Ranganathan. A prototype Software System has been designed to create a database of records specifying Web documents according to the Dublin Core and to input a faceted subject heading according to DSIS. Synonymous terms are added to the Standard terms in the heading using appropriate symbols. Once the data are entered along with a description and the URL of the web document, the record is stored in the System. More than one faceted subject heading can be assigned to a record depending an the content of the original document. The System stores the Surrogates and keeps the faceted subject headings separately after establishing a link. The search is carried out an index entries derived from the faceted subject heading using the chain indexing technique. If a single term is Input, the System searches for its presence in the faceted subject headings and displays the subject headings in a sorted sequence reflecting an organizing sequence. If the number of retrieved Keadings is too large (running into more than a page) the user has the option of entering another search term to be searched in combination. The System searches subject headings already retrieved and looks for those containing the second term. The retrieved faceted subject headings can be displayed and browsed. When the relevant subject heading is selected the system displays the records with their URLs. Using the URL, the original document an the web can be accessed. The prototype system developed in a Windows NT environment using ASP and a web server is under rigorous testing. The database and Index management routines need further development.

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Abstract

Issue devoted to reference sources on the Internet. Provides reference librarians with a core list of resources in a variety of subject areas available on the Internet. Articles are grouped under the following headings: general; business and social sciences; humanities; leisure studies; sciences; and a feature column on government information sources

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Abstract

This bibliography contains selected cataloging tools an the Internet. It is divided into seven sections as follows: authority management and subject headings tools; cataloging tools by type of materials; dictionaries, encyclopedias, and place names; listservs and workshops; software and vendors; technical service professional organizations; and journals and newsletters. Resources are arranged in alphabetical order under each topic. Selected cataloging tools are annotated. There is some overlap since a given web site can cover many tools.

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Abstract

The past 100 years have seen the development of numerous systems for the structured representation of knowledge and information, including hierarchical classification systems and with sophisticated features for the representation of term relationships. Discusses reasons for the lack of widespread adoption of these systems, particularly in the USA. The suggested structure for indexing the Internet or other large electronic collections of documents is based on that of book indexes: specific headings with coined modifications

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Abstract

As the amount of accessible information on the WWW increases, so will the cost of accessing it, even if search servcies remain free, due to the increasing amount of time users will have to spend to find needed items. Considers what the seemingly unorganized Web and the organized world of libraries can offer each other. The OCLC Scorpion Project is attempting to combine indexing and cataloguing, specifically focusing on building tools for automatic subject recognition using the technqiues of library science and information retrieval. If subject headings or concept domains can be automatically assigned to electronic items, improved filtering tools for searching can be produced

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Abstract

WWW sites, consisting mainly of links to other Internet resources, have begun to proliferate and these sites are valuable to library users and researchers because they bring together in a single Web site links to a comprehensive array of information resources. Because libraries may elect to include bibliographic records for these sites in their online catalogues, cataloguers should be aware of some of the main aspects of cataloguing this new type of resource. Concludes that cataloguers should be aware of the main types and different characteristics of these Web sites, how to describe them in bibliographic records and how to assign appropriate subject headings for them

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Abstract

While many catalogers are using the Web to find the information they need to perform authority work quickly and accurately, the full potential of the Web to assist catalogers in name authority work has yet to be realized. The ever-growing nature of the Web means that available information for creating personal name, corporate name, and other types of headings will increase. In this article, we examine ways in which simple and effective Web searching can save catalogers time and money in the process of authority work. In addition, questions involving evaluating authority information found on the Web are explored.

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Abstract

Reports results of a questionnaire survey of cataloguers, conducted over the AUTOCAT Internet discussion group, to determine those areas of cataloguing for which the Internet is a valuable tool and those areas for which it is not as useful. Respondents indicated 4 areas in which cataloguers use the Internet: searching the OPACs of other libraries, communicating with colleagues, accessing online cataloguing documentation and publications, and authority work. Cataloguers who found access to other libraries' OPACs did so for the following reasons: assigning call numbers and subject headings; finding full cataloguing copy from other libraries; enriching their local catalogue with notes present in records in other libraries; finding copy for foreign language items that cannot be read by library staff; and resolving difficult problems when important parts of the item are missing ar are in disarray. Some cataloguers also related processes for which they have found the Internet to not be efficient

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Abstract

The Internet challenges designers of reference resources to structure user interfaces so that they facilitate quick access to bibliographies. Designers can organize bibliographies in chronological order of publication, alphabetical listing by author or title and/or subject-headings; or can follow a subject classification scheme from the relevant field. Chronological order of publication and alphabetical listings of authors and titles are the simplest ways to organize bibliographic materials, but these methods usually fall to present the thematic relations among the various items. The subject classification is the most systematic presentation, but the most complicated to develop. This study explores the subject classification model, elaborates its rationale, demonstrates an exemplary faceted subject classification scheme grounded in solid scientific foundations, and clarifies the scientific foundations of the three-phase structuring methodology that was utilized. The exemplary classificatory model is a seven-facet subject classification scheme designed for classifying scholarly papers in the field of Logotherapy. The study, in particular the scientific structuring methodology, provides an example for structuring bibliographic resources in the social sciences, as well as in other academic fields

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Abstract

Possibilities are being explored to use traditional bibliographic tools, like Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), to improve the organization of information resources on the Internet. The most recent edition of DDC, with its enhanced features, has greater potential than other traditional approaches. A review of selected Web sites that use DDC to organize Web resources indicates, however, that the full potential of the DDC scheme for this purpose has not been realized. While the review found that the DDC classification structure was more effective when compared with other knowledge organization systems, we conclude that DDC needs to be further enhanced to make it more suitable for this application. As widely reported in the professional literature, OCLC has conducted research on the potential of DDC for organizing Web resources. Such research, however, is experimental and should be supplemented by empirical studies with user participation.

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Abstract

Vernetzung und Netzwerke finden sich allerorten, haben vielerlei Qualität und Materialität, erfüllen diverse Zwecke und Funktionen und konstituieren unterschiedliche Infrastrukturen, nicht nur kommunikativer und sozialer Art. Mit der Entwicklung und Verbreitung der Informationstechnik, der globalen Transport- und Vermittlungssysteme und endlich der anhaltenden Digitalisierung werden der Begriff und die damit bezeichnete Konnektivität omnipräsent und auf digitale Netze fokussiert, die im Internet als dem Netz der Netze seinen wichtigsten und folgenreichsten Prototypen findet. Dessen Entwicklung wird kompakt dargestellt. Die bereits vorhandenen und verfügbaren Anwendungsfelder sowie die künftigen (Industrie 4.0, Internet der Dinge) lassen revolutionäre Umbrüche in allen Segmenten der Gesellschaft erahnen, die von der nationalstaatlichen Gesetzgebung und Politik kaum mehr gesteuert und kontrolliert werden, neben unbestreitbar vielen Vorzügen und Verbesserungen aber auch Risiken und Benachteiligungen zeitigen können.

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Abstract

Das Fachinformationszentrum (FIZ) Karlsruhe ist als internationale Drehscheibe für Fachinformation seit Jahrzehnten verlässlicher und professioneller Servicepartner der Informationssuchenden in Wissenschaft und Technik. Neue web-basierte Dienstleistungen und Produkte erlauben dem professionellen Informationsbroker ebenso wie dem gelegentlichen Onliner oder Internet Pedestrian den effizienten und kostengünstigen Zugang zu Metadaten, naturwissenschaftlich-technisehen Daten und Fakten. Elektronische Volltexte per Hyperlink oder die komplette Dokument-Vermittlung werden gleichfalls angeboten. Die Weiterentwicklung und flexible Anpassung der Informationssysteme ermöglichen auch die Verknüpfung mit lokalen und regionalen Netzen der Forschungseinrichtungen und Hochschulen. Neue Serviceleistungen und Abrechnungsverfahren bieten besonders preisgünstige Konditionen für Hochschulen durch akademische Programme und Festpreise auf Subskriptionsbasis für ausgewählte Datenbanken. Darüber hinaus ist das FIZ Karlsruhe kompetenter Kooperationspartner bei Entwicklung und Betrieb von Informationssystemen

Source

nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 51(2000) H.7, S.397-406