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Abstract

Die Wiederentdeckung von Judaica und Hebraica Seit einigen Jahren ist man in verschiedenen deutschen Bibliotheken bemüht" im Rahmen der retrospektiven Erschließung von Altbeständen nach modernen bibliothekswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen auch die gedruckten Judaica und Hebraica besser zu erschließen. Das Interesse für diese Altbestände wurde bibliotheksintern durch die kulturpolitischen Diskussionen um die "Beutekunst"', d. h. um die Restitution von während des Nationalsozialismus geraubten Kulturgütern" geschürt" und von außen durch das weiterhin wachsende Interesse an Jüdischen Studien geweckt" die seit den sechziger Jahren durch Studiengänge an Universitäten und wissenschaftlichen Instituten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vertreten sind. Die Erschließung der historischen Judaica- und Hebraica-Bestände soll sowohl zur Herkunfts- und Besitzbestimmung als auch zur Sicherung und Erschließung von in Vergessenheit geratener Kultur und Geschichte beitragen. Mit der wissenschaftlichen Erschließung von Hebraica und Judaica wird nach mehr als sechzig Jahren an die vor 1933 in Deutschland florierende hebräische Buch- und Bibliographienkunde angeknüpft" welche so wichtige Organe wie die Zeitschriften Hebräische Bibliographie (ha-Maskir), Zeitschrift für hebräische Bibliographie und die Soncino-Blätter hervorgebracht hat. Man bemüht sich heute" dem interessierten Leser der Wissensgesellschaft nicht nur elektronische Titelaufnahmen in regionalen" nationalen und internationalen Verbundkatalogen zur Verfügung zu stellen" sondern gleichzeitig mit der Katalogisierung Reproduktionen besonders seltener Werke anzufertigen (Titelblätter, Schlüsselseiten oder ganze Editionen): auf Microfiche" auf CD-ROM" in Form separater Webseiten" in interaktiven Datenbanken oder direkt verknüpft mit den elektronischen Titelaufnahmen.

Object

ViFa "Judaica und Hebraica"

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Abstract

There's a big gap between simply having an Internet connection and making good use of it. Here's how to make the leap

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Abstract

Reports the results of a recent study by Coopers and Lybrand Consulting (CLC). Revealed that the Internet and WWW are having a negative effect on television viewing while having a positive effect on the sale of print media. 3 groups of users were defined: communicators, information seekers, and browsers. Adds that another survey by FIND/SVP identified 4 groups of users: recreational consumers, occupational consumers, corporate users, and academic users. Spotlights several interesting sites, such as the Census Bureau and Economic Research Service, which are research-based. Mentions Toiletology 101, on WC maintenance and repair, and several online versions of print publications such as National Geographic, The Nation, Motor Trend Online, and The Washington Post

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Abstract

Zur Erreichung einer für den Besucher optimal ausgerichteten Website sind wesentliche Aufgaben bereits in der Vorbereitungsphase zu erarbeiten, unter anderem Zielgruppenermittlung, Bedürfnisfeststellung sowie Strukturierung des Angebots. Eine gute oder auch weniger gelungene Umsetzung dieser Kriterien kann an Beispielen aus der Praxis am Besten veranschaulicht werden. Um eine ungefähre Vergleichbarkeit der Angebote zu erhalten, sind im Folgenden nur die Seiten von Öffentlichen Bibliotheken gleicher Größenklasse nach Bix verwendet worden, und zwar der Klasse 4 (15 000 bis 30 000 Einwohner). Hier ist die Notwendigkeit einer allgemeinen Verbesserung des virtuellen Angebots am meisten gegeben.

Content

Mit einer Übersicht zu Usability-Kriterien: Ten Usability Heuristics I. Visibility ofsystem status The system should always keep users informed about what is going on, through appropriate feedback within reasonable time. II. Match between system and the real world The system should speak the users' language, with words, phrases and concepts familiar to the user, rather than system-oriented terms. Follow real-world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order. III. User control and freedom Users often choose system functions by mistake and will need a clearly marked »emergency extra to leave the unwanted state without having to go through an extended dialogue. Support undo and redo. IV. Consistency and standards Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions. V. Error prevention Even better than good error messages is a careful design which prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. VI. Recognition rather than recall Make objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one Part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate. VII. Flexibility and efficiency of use Accelerators - unseen by the novice user- may often speed up the interaction for the expert user such that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users. Allow users to tailor frequent actions. VIII. Aesthetic and minimalist design Dialogues should not contain information which is irrelevant or rarely needed. Every extra unit of information in a dialogue competes with the relevant units of information and diminishes their relative visibility. IX. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors Error messages should be expressed in plain language (no codes), precisely indicate the problem, and constructively suggest a solution. X. Help and documentation Even though it is better if the system can be used without documentation, it may be necessary to provide help and documentation. Any such information should be easy to search, focused an the user's task, list concrete steps to be carried out, and not be too large.

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Abstract

Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children's teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.

Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: BuB 59(2007) H.10, S.750-751 (J. Plieninger: Vermischtes und noch mehr ...): "Dass dieses Buch den Bibliothekaren gewidmet ist, stimmt tröstlich. Denn auf den Punkt gebracht, bedeutet sein Inhalt für unseren Berufsstand: Es kommt nicht mehr auf Euch an! Die Kernthese, die der Autor, ein bekannter Publizist zum Internet und Mitglied einer Harvard-Institution, in diesem Essay überaus anregend und mit vielen Beispielen gespickt ausführt, lautet: Dem Informationsüberfluss durch elektronische Dokumente kann nur noch durch noch mehr Information begegnet werden. ..." Weitere Rez. in JASIST 60(2009) no.6, S.1299-1300 (G Thornton). Vgl. für Rezensionen auch: http://www.everythingismiscellaneous.com/reviews/.

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Abstract

The Internet is having a great impact not only on how librarians work but on how they deal with the organizations and/or sources who provide the information. Examines problems associated with dealing with the Internet: how can relevant information be located; how can the quality of the source be validated; what costs are acceptable; and what resource is there if the information is defective. Offers advice on the use of the Internet

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Abstract

Discusses different types of quality problems having their roots in the Internet and some possible solutions. Gives a provisional definition of WWW information quality. Presents some of the findings from an empirical survey of Danish academic and business users of the Internet. Concludes that only natural intelligence will be able to cope with the enormous task of filtering and distilling usable and useful information needles from the Internet haystack. Development of new and more efficient tools for the retrieval of quality information is extremely urgent

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Abstract

Describes the development of a Web Library Guide at Birmingham University, UK. Having developed a hypertext guide using Asymetrix Toolbook which gave guidance to users on the subjects and services available in the main library of the university, the information was repackaged for loading on to the WWW. Outlines the reasons for this move, explains the process of the transposition, and suggests future possibilities for the project

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Abstract

Godert notes that, having survived a period where we were drowning in information, we seem to be in a period where we are happily surfing the Internet. This communication considers the social implications of this change in fundamental metaphors about our relationship to information. It is first proposed that, though a paradigm shift has not occured, the significance of the change should not be minimized. The similarities and differences between surfing and drowning are then considered. Questions suggested by these similarities and differences are offered for consideration

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Abstract

Having reached the US Supreme Court in 1997, the Communications Decency Act (1996) has strong implications for Internet service providers. How to protect children while not denying adult rights of access is an issue which has impacted successively upon motion pictures, reading materials, radio, television and cable. The case for freedom of electronic speech appears compelling. The problems of obscenity, encryption (cryptography) and provocative 'cyberspeech' on the Internet offers a field day for litigation

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Abstract

A survey of 4,032 youth in grades 5 through 12 was conducted to determine the impact youth's use of the Internet was having on their use of the public library. Results indicated that 100% of the youth had access to the Internet from one or more locations, and that although one quarter of the youth accessed the Internet at the public library, the public library was the least frequently used source of Internet access. For youth without Internet access at home, the public library was also the least used alternate source of access. Approximately 69% of the youth reported that they had visited a public library during the school year. Having Internet access at home did not affect whether or not youth visited the library however, Internet access at home appears to have affected the frequency with which youth visit the library. Youth without Internet access at home visited the library more frequently, whereas youth with Internet access at home visited the library less frequently. Use of the Internet also appeared to have diminished youth's need to use the public library as a source of personal information however, use of the Internet appeared not to have affected their use of the public library for school work or for recreation. Among youth, use of both the Internet and the public library appear to be complementary activities.

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Abstract

Computer networking is an emerging form of communication which is having major societal and cultural impacts. We first focus on BITNET and INTERNET, which are parts of a worldwide computer network for researchers, academicians, and information professionals. Discusses the services and resources that are available on the network, describes ways that these services can be accessed and used, and suggests derictions for research that may be significant in understanding the impacts that computer mediated communication will have on social interaction, oprganisational structure and culture

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Abstract

Explores some characteristics of the information superhigway and the WWW metaphors in the light of the current developments in information technology. These characteristics constitute a form of conceptual slippage, which helps us detect and predict the tacit impact that the currently available information delivery systems are having on human cognition. The particular language associated with these systems evolve as a direct result of human cognitive adaptations to the demands, resources and constraints of highly technological environments. discusses the role of metaphor as a vehicle for self-expression, as mediated by criteria of relevance

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Abstract

Examines some of the advanced tools, techniques, methods and standards related to the Internet and WWW which consist of hybrids of documents and software, called 'document program hybrids'. Early Internet systems were based on having documents on one side and software on the other, neatly separated, apart from one another and without much interaction, so that the static document can also exist without computers and networks. Documentation program hybrids blur this classical distinction and all components are integrated, interwoven and exist in synergy with each other. Illustrates the techniques with particular reference to practical examples, including: dara collections and dedicated software; advanced HTML features on the WWW, multimedia viewer and plug in software for Internet and WWW browsers; VRML; interaction through a Web server with other servers and with instruments; adaptive hypertext provided by the server; 'webbots' or 'knowbots' or 'searchbots' or 'metasearch engines' or intelligent software agents; Sun's Java; Microsoft's ActiveX; program scripts for HTML and Web browsers; cookies; and Internet push technology with Webcasting channels

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Abstract

Reports the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in Autumn 1996 which sought to establish the situation regarding Internet provision in Scottish public libraries, and identify key issues likely to affect the further development of such provision. Librarians were asked what they perceived to be the main benefits (if any) from providing Internet access, and how they envisaged future trends. Examines reasons why Internet access should be considered an important aspect of public library provision. Of 25 responding libraries, 14 were currently making use of the Internet, and 11 others envisaged connection within 1-3 years. However, the overall picture is of a relatively small number of libraries which are extremely active, with the majority only having a very basic level of activity. Reference work was by far the most common Internet application, but there was also significant use for educational purposes. Othe applications noted were communications, community information and publicity, and recreation

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Abstract

Presents a brief description of the operation of COPAC, the new OPAC providing a unified interface to the consolidated database and online catalogues of the UK's Consortium of University Research Libraries (CURL). COPAC is seen as the partial realization of the aims of earlier projects, such as the UK Libraries Database System (UKLDS). Provides a brief overview of the background to the CURL OPAC and the COPAC project, describing the main content of the COPAC database. Considers the effect of having multiple contributors to the database and the inevitable need for deduplication and record consolidation to cope with the inevitable record duplication. COPAC is accessible via a text interface and a WWW interface. Discusses each interface using example screens to illustrate the search process

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Abstract

Taking a step beyond Meta search engines which require Web site evaluation skills and a knowledge of how to construct effective search statements, we encounter the concept of a seamless, Web-based library. These are electronic libraries created by information professionals, Meta sites for the 21st Century. Here is a place where average people with average Internet skills can find significant Web sites arranged under a hierarchy of subject categories. Having observed client behavior in a university library setting for a quarter of a century, it is apparent that the extent to which information is used has always been determined by content applicable to user needs, an easy-to-understand design, and high visibility. These same elements have determined the extent to which Internet Quick Reference (IQR), a seamless, Web-based library at cc.usu.edu/-stewei/hot.htm. has been used

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Abstract

We introduce a technique for creating novel, enhanced thumbnails of Web pages. These thumbnails combine the advantages of plain thumbnails and text summaries to provide consistent performance on a variety of tasks. We conducted a study in which participants used three different types of summaries (enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries) to search Web pages to find several different types of information. Participants took an average of 67, 86, and 95 seconds to find the answer with enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries, respectively. As expected, there was a strong effect of question category. For some questions, text summaries outperformed plain thumbnails, while for other questions, plain thumbnails outperformed text summaries. Enhanced thumbnails (which combine the features of text summaries and plain thumbnails) had more consistent performance than either text summaries or plain thumbnails, having for all categories the best performance or performance that was statistically indistinguishable from the best

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Abstract

The present analysis looks at how scientists use the Internet for informal scientific communication. It investigates the relationship between several explanatory variables and Internet use in a cross-section of scientists from seven European countries and five academic disciplines (astronomy, chemistry, computer science, economics, and psychology). The analysis confirmed some of the results of previous U.S.-based analyses. In particular, it corroborated a positive relationship between research productivity and Internet use. The relationship was found to be nonlinear, with very productive (nonproductive) scientists using the Internet less (more) than would be expected according to their productivity. Also, being involved in collaborative R&D and having large networks of collaborators is associated with increased Internet use. In contrast to older studies, the analysis did not find any equalizing effect whereby higher Internet use rates help to overcome the problems of potentially disadvantaged researchers. Obviously, everybody who wants to stay at the forefront of research and keep upto-date with developments in their research fields has to use the Internet.

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Abstract

While the Web has become a worldwide platform for communication, terrorists share their ideology and communicate with members on the Dark Web - the reverse side of the Web used by terrorists. Currently, the problems of information overload and difficulty to obtain a comprehensive picture of terrorist activities hinder effective and efficient analysis of terrorist information on the Web. To improve understanding of terrorist activities, we have developed a novel methodology for collecting and analyzing Dark Web information. The methodology incorporates information collection, analysis, and visualization techniques, and exploits various Web information sources. We applied it to collecting and analyzing information of 39 Jihad Web sites and developed visualization of their site contents, relationships, and activity levels. An expert evaluation showed that the methodology is very useful and promising, having a high potential to assist in investigation and understanding of terrorist activities by producing results that could potentially help guide both policymaking and intelligence research.