Search (1440 results, page 1 of 72)

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Abstract

Reports the hearing on libraries and their role in the information infrastructure held by the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities on 19 Apr 1994 and timed to coincide with National Library Week and Legislative Day. Contributions highlighted the degree to which library services in libraries throughout the USA are enhanced by electronic data transmission and the urgent need on the part of libraries for support from federal government with funding their policies

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Source

Online. 20(1996), May/June, S.15-28

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Source

Online and CD notes. 1997, June, S.3-6

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Abstract

Issue devoted to selected papers of the Annual Conference of the Internet Society / 5th Joint European Networking Conference, Held in June 13-17, 1994, Prague

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Abstract

The present paper analyzes the changes that occurred to a set of Web pages related to "informetrics" over a period of 5 years between June 1998 and June 2003. Four times during this time span, in 1998,1999, 2002, and 2003, we monitored previously located pages and searched for new ones related to the topic. Thus, we were able to study the growth of the topic, white analyzing the rates of change and disappearance. The results indicate that modification, disappearance, and resurfacing cannot be ignored when studying the structure and development of the Web.

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Footnote

Wiederabdruck aus: Online 1996, May/June, S.15-28

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Source

OCLC newsletter. 1997, May/June, S.28-29

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Abstract

Questions whether the public's medical knowledge will be increased by improving end user access to Medline through the Internet. Evaluates the new service PubMed and the Internet Grateful Med (IGM) service which was made free in June 1997. Describes sample searches carried out on PubMed. Outlines 2 non-National Library of Medicine Web Medicine sites: IntelliHealth (http://www.intellihealth.com/ih/ihtHome) and BioMedNet (http://biomednet.com.db/medline)

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Abstract

This past year has seen an unprecedented wave of censorship, and overzealous law enforcement has swept through the online world. This paper attempts to look at this growing phenomenon from a rhetorical viewpoint by seeking to answer the following question: How is rhetoric deployed to support a partisan value? After a literature review concerning media and value, policy and pornography, and rhetoric and politics, the method of study was discussed. This consisted of downloading the text of the Supreme Court hearing of the ACLU v. Reno case. This transcript was analyzed and found several metaphors used by the government defense in trying to support its view. These were revealed in the results and examined in the discussion section. Findings were discussion according to exact wording: KNOWING, reference to immediate authority: PARENTS, defending definitions: FREE SPACE, and attacking the previous battle: "THEY DIDN'T . . .". Finally, a review of what was discovered along with what this study presented for further research was revealed. The author then encouraged researchers, as well as those in politics, to be aware of how words are used to support and sway the public and legal system. Also, that we need to constantly be on guard to protect our right to speak through whatever medium we deem necessary. The Internet is an impressive medium for communications, research, entertainment and commercial agencies. The number of Internet users over the age of 16 in the U.S. and Canada has reached 79 million. Also, for the first time, more than 50 percent of the population between the ages of 16 and 34 are Internet users, which comes to around 40 million individuals (McPhee & Coyle, 1998). With this growth comes the good and the bad of society. Pornography, to some a good thing and others a bad item, has accumulated phenomenal success on the Internet. It is this question, is it good or bad, that has sparked a continuous debate among politicians and practitioners. It is this arena that this study endeavors to consider. The legal battles between the online providers of pornographic material and the legal authorities along with those that would want to keep such material out of their lives have been in the courts over the past two years. In these battles, words have been used to sway judges toward certain lines of thought. It is this battle with words that this author seeks to study. How are words being used in the defense of policies that are ultimately considered unconstitutional? In particular, are politicians trying to influence the courts to support a biased agenda? This paper will try to answer this question in the following manner. First a literature review will be given considering the role of media in value making, a brief report of how the discussion of pornography has been played out in the court system, and then a look at rhetoric and the political voice. From there a brief discussion of the methodology the study will be given followed by a look at what was discovered in the analysis. The final section will consider what this means to policy makers and the public whom the policies effect. First, let us Consider what others have said concerning the areas of interest for this study

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Footnote

Based on a talk delivered at an International Group of the Library Association Open Meeting in Dec 1996 and at UmbrelLA 4 in Manchester, UK, June 1997

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Abstract

This article addresses the question of whether the Web can serve as an information source for research. Specifically, it analyzes by way of content analysis the Web pages retrieved by the major search engines on a particular date (June 7, 1998), as a result of the query 'informetrics OR informetric'. In 807 out of the 942 retrieved pages, the search terms were mentioned in the context of information science. Over 70% of the pages contained only indirect information on the topic, in the form of hypertext links and bibliographical references without annotation. The bibliographical references extracted from the Web pages were analyzed, and lists of most productive authors, most cited authors, works, and sources were compiled. The list of reference obtained from the Web was also compared to data retrieved from commercial databases. For most cases, the list of references extracted from the Web outperformed the commercial, bibliographic databases. The results of these comparisons indicate that valuable, freely available data is hidden in the Web waiting to be extracted from the millions of Web pages

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Abstract

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has worked well in the rapid establishment of HTML standards but it has been criticized for not assuring compliance and in June 1998 a new organization, the Web Standards Project (WSP) was formed. Membership is free to individuals and at present consists of Web designers and W3C members. Describes the stages in the implementation of standards and focuses on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). A style sheet is essentially a template that can be used to create a consistent appearance across documents. 'Cascading' means that a single page can use multiple style sheets. Explains how style sheets can replace HTML tags, using the example of fonts, and why CSS is a greater attraction to designers than to Web users. Outlines the current state of the CSS standard and predicts that Web users will be adopting it sooner or later

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Abstract

Firstgov is the U.S. federal portal to government information and services. It was conceived by the Clinton administration in June of 2000 and launched in September 2000. A case study of the development of Firstgov indicated that top-level leadership, a small and committed project team, and the very condensed timeframe of the project were factors that contributed to the success of the portal. Another reason cited for the success of the Firstgov development was the U.S. federal information policy environment, a robust and evolving framework creating the climate for electronic government. An unusual feature of the project development was the donation of the Inktomi search engine for three years, an event that further enabled Firstgov to open its door on time and on budget. The portal continues today with funding and resources designed to ensure its future.

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Abstract

Social network sites like MySpace are increasingly important environments for expressing and maintaining interpersonal connections, but does online communication exacerbate or ameliorate the known tendency for offline friendships to form between similar people (homophily)? This article reports an exploratory study of the similarity between the reported attributes of pairs of active MySpace Friends based upon a systematic sample of 2,567 members joining on June 18, 2007 and Friends who commented on their profile. The results showed no evidence of gender homophily but significant evidence of homophily for ethnicity, religion, age, country, marital status, attitude towards children, sexual orientation, and reason for joining MySpace. There were also some imbalances: women and the young were disproportionately commenters, and commenters tended to have more Friends than commentees. Overall, it seems that although traditional sources of homophily are thriving in MySpace networks of active public connections, gender homophily has completely disappeared. Finally, the method used has wide potential for investigating and partially tracking homophily in society, providing early warning of socially divisive trends.

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Abstract

Recent work by Evans, Cordova, and Sipole (2014) reveals that in the two months leading up to the 2012 election, female House candidates used the social media site Twitter more often than male candidates. Not only did female candidates tweet more often, but they also spent more time attacking their opponents and discussing important issues in American politics. In this article, we examine whether the female winners of those races acted differently than the male winners in the 2012 election, and whether they differed in their tweeting-style during two months in the summer of 2013. Using a hand-coded content analysis of every tweet from each member in the U.S. House of Representatives in June and July of 2013, we show that women differ from their male colleagues in their frequency and type of tweeting, and note some key differences between the period during the election and the period after. This article suggests that context greatly affects representatives' Twitter-style.

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Abstract

Reports results of a questionnaire survey, conducted by the School of Information and Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, between June and November 1997, to compare and contrast the range and value of use of the Internet with traditional reference sources in Scottish public libraries. Data was collected on the extent of Internet connectivity in Scottish public libraries in 1995, the uses of the Internet in public libraries and the percentages of library staff using it and the type of work for which they are using it. The current study built upon the work of the UKOLN survey by looking at the use of the Internet in reference work by library reference staff in comparison to their usage of traditional printed sources. Recommends that consideration ahould be given to obtaining additional external funding for Internet and WWW access, authorities should consider allocating more resources to training reference staff in Internet use, consideration should be given to providing reference staff with training on the technical difficulties associated with using the Internet and information on authoritative, quality Web sites should be made available to reference staff in all public libraries

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BK

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Footnote

The economic opportunity divide is predicated an the hypothesis that there has, indeed, been a major shift in opportunities driven by changes in the information environment. The authors document this paradigm shift well with arguments from the political and economic right and left. This chapter might be described as an "attitudinal" chapter. The authors are concerned here with the perceptions of their respondents of their information skills and skill levels with their economic outlook and opportunities. Technological skills and economic opportunities are correlated, one finds, in the minds of all across all ages, genders, races, ethnicities, and income levels. African Americans in particular are ". . attuned to the use of technology for economic opportunity" (p. 80). The fourth divide is the democratic divide. The Internet may increase political participation, the authors posit, but only among groups predisposed to participate and perhaps among those with the skills necessary to take advantage of the electronic environment (p. 86). Certainly the Web has played an important role in disseminating and distributing political messages and in some cases in political fund raising. But by the analysis here, we must conclude that the message does not reach everyone equally. Thus, the Internet may widen the political participation gap rather than narrow it. The book has one major, perhaps fatal, flaw: its methodology and statistical application. The book draws upon a survey performed for the authors in June and July 2001 by the Kent State University's Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) lab (pp. 7-9). CATI employed a survey protocol provided to the reader as Appendix 2. An examination of the questionnaire reveals that all questions yield either nominal or ordinal responses, including the income variable (pp. 9-10). Nevertheless, Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury performed a series of multiple regression analyses (reported in a series of tables in Appendix 1) utilizing these data. Regression analysis requires interval/ratio data in order to be valid although nominal and ordinal data can be incorporated by building dichotomous dummy variables. Perhaps Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury utilized dummy variables; but 1 do not find that discussed. Moreover, 1 would question a multiple regression made up completely of dichotomous dummy variables. I come away from Virtual Inequality with mixed feelings. It is useful to think of the digital divide as more than one phenomenon. The four divides that Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury offeraccess, skills, economic opportunity, and democratic-are useful as a point of departure and debate. No doubt, other divides will be identified and documented. This book will lead the way. Second, without question, Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury provide us with an extremely well-documented, -written, and -argued work. Third, the authors are to be commended for the multidisciplinarity of their work. Would that we could see more like it. My reservations about their methodological approach, however, hang over this review like a shroud."

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Abstract

In the present work we discuss opportunities, problems, tools and techniques encountered when interconnecting discipline-specific subject classifications, primarily organized as search devices in bibliographic databases, with general classifications originally devised for book shelving in public libraries. We first state the fundamental distinction between topical (or subject) classifications and object classifications. Then we trace the structural limitations that have constrained subject classifications since their library origins, and the devices that were used to overcome the gap with genuine knowledge representation. After recalling some general notions on structure, dynamics and interferences of subject classifications and of the objects they refer to, we sketch a synthetic overview on discipline-specific classifications in Mathematics, Computing and Physics, on one hand, and on general classifications on the other. In this setting we present The Scientific Classifications Page, which collects groups of Web pages produced by a pool of software tools for developing hypertextual presentations of single or paired subject classifications from sequential source files, as well as facilities for gathering information from KWIC lists of classification descriptions. Further we propose a concept-oriented methodology for interconnecting subject classifications, with the concrete support of a relational analysis of the whole Mathematics Subject Classification through its evolution since 1959. Finally, we recall a very basic method for interconnection provided by coreference in bibliographic records among index elements from different systems, and point out the advantages of establishing the conditions of a more widespread application of such a method. A part of these contents was presented under the title Mathematics Subject Classification and related Classifications in the Digital World at the Eighth International Conference Crimea 2001, "Libraries and Associations in the Transient World: New Technologies and New Forms of Cooperation", Sudak, Ukraine, June 9-17, 2001, in a special session on electronic libraries, electronic publishing and electronic information in science chaired by Bernd Wegner, Editor-in-Chief of Zentralblatt MATH.

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Abstract

Vernetzung und Netzwerke finden sich allerorten, haben vielerlei Qualität und Materialität, erfüllen diverse Zwecke und Funktionen und konstituieren unterschiedliche Infrastrukturen, nicht nur kommunikativer und sozialer Art. Mit der Entwicklung und Verbreitung der Informationstechnik, der globalen Transport- und Vermittlungssysteme und endlich der anhaltenden Digitalisierung werden der Begriff und die damit bezeichnete Konnektivität omnipräsent und auf digitale Netze fokussiert, die im Internet als dem Netz der Netze seinen wichtigsten und folgenreichsten Prototypen findet. Dessen Entwicklung wird kompakt dargestellt. Die bereits vorhandenen und verfügbaren Anwendungsfelder sowie die künftigen (Industrie 4.0, Internet der Dinge) lassen revolutionäre Umbrüche in allen Segmenten der Gesellschaft erahnen, die von der nationalstaatlichen Gesetzgebung und Politik kaum mehr gesteuert und kontrolliert werden, neben unbestreitbar vielen Vorzügen und Verbesserungen aber auch Risiken und Benachteiligungen zeitigen können.