Search (71 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

This paper examines some traditional information searching methods and their role in Hungarian OPACs. What challenges are there in the digital and online environment? How do users work with them and do they give users satisfactory results? What kinds of techniques are users employing? In this paper I examine the user interfaces of UDC, thesauri, subject headings etc. in the Hungarian library. The key question of the paper is whether a universal system or local solutions is the best approach for searching in the digital environment.

Source

Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch

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Content

The aim of this study is to develop a software tool, VisuaLCSH, for effective searching, browsing, and maintenance of LCSH. This tool enables visualizing subject headings and hierarchical structures implied and embedded in LCSH. A conceptual framework for converting the hierarchical structure of headings in LCSH to an explicit tree structure is proposed, described, and implemented. The highlights of VisuaLCSH are summarized below: 1) revealing multiple aspects of a heading; 2) normalizing the hierarchical relationships in LCSH; 3) showing multi-level hierarchies in LCSH sub-trees; 4) improving the navigational function of LCSH in retrieval; and 5) enabling the implementation of generic search, i.e., the 'exploding' feature, in searching LCSH.

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Abstract

The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been developed over the course of more than a century, predating the semantic web by some time. Until the 1986, the only concept-toconcept relationship available was an undifferentiated "See Also" reference, which was used for both associative (RT) and hierarchical (BT/NT) connections. In that year, in preparation for the first release of the headings in machine readable MARC Authorities form, an attempt was made to automatically convert these "See Also" links into the standardized thesaural relations. Unfortunately, the rule used to determine the type of reference to generate relied on the presence of symmetric links to detect associatively related terms; "See Also" references that were only present in one of the related terms were assumed to be hierarchical. This left the process vulnerable to inconsistent use of references in the pre-conversion data, with a marked bias towards promoting relationships to hierarchical status. The Library of Congress was aware that the results of the conversion contained many inconsistencies, and intended to validate and correct the results over the course of time. Unfortunately, twenty years later, less than 40% of the converted records have been evaluated. The converted records, being the earliest encountered during the Library's cataloging activities, represent the most basic concepts within LCSH; errors in the syndetic structure for these records affect far more subordinate concepts than those nearer the periphery. Worse, a policy of patterning new headings after pre-existing ones leads to structural errors arising from the conversion process being replicated in these newer headings, perpetuating and exacerbating the errors. As the LCSH prepares for its second great conversion, from MARC to SKOS, it is critical to address these structural problems. As part of the work on converting the headings into SKOS, I have experimented with different visualizations of the tangled web of broader terms embedded in LCSH. This poster illustrates several of these renderings, shows how they can help users to judge which relationships might not be correct, and shows just exactly how Doorbells and Mammals are related.

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Source

Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira

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Abstract

Data from multiple knowledge organization systems are combined to provide a global overview of the content holdings of a small personal library. Subject headings and classification data are used to effectively map the combined book and topic space of the library. While harvested and manipulated by hand, the work reveals issues and potential solutions when using automated techniques to produce topic maps of much larger libraries. The small library visualized consists of the thirty-nine, digital, English language books found in the Osama Bin Laden (OBL) compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan upon his death. As this list of books has garnered considerable media attention, it is worth providing a visual overview of the subject content of these books - some of which is not readily apparent from the titles. Metadata from subject headings and classification numbers was combined to create book-subject maps. Tree maps of the classification data were also produced. The books contain 328 subject headings. In order to enhance the base map with meaningful thematic overlay, library holding count data was also harvested (and aggregated from duplicates). This additional data revealed the relative scarcity or popularity of individual books.

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Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Source

Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch

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Source

Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

Many large digital collections are currently organized by subject; although useful, these information organization structures are large and complex and thus difficult to browse. Current online tools and visualization prototypes show small, localized subsets and do not provide the ability to explore the predominant patterns of the overall subject structure. This study describes subject tree modifications that facilitate browsing for documents by capitalizing on the highly uneven distribution of real-world collections. The approach is demonstrated on two large collections organized by the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results show that the LCSH subject tree can be reduced to 49% of its initial complexity while maintaining access to 83% of the collection, and the MeSH tree can be reduced to 45% of its initial complexity while maintaining access to 97% of the collection. A simple solution to negate the loss of access is discussed. The visual impact is demonstrated by using traditional outline views and a slider control allowing searchers to change the subject structure dynamically according to their needs. This study has implications for the development of information organization theory and human-information interaction techniques for subject trees.

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Source

Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

The study adopts a naturalistic approach to investigate users' interaction with a browsable MeSH (medical subject headings) display designed to facilitate query construction for the PubMed bibliographic database. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to test the usefulness of a browsable interface utilizing the principle of faceted classification; and second, to investigate users' preferred query submission methods in different problematic situations. An interface that incorporated multiple query submission methods - the conventional single-line query box as well as methods associated the faceted classification display was constructed. Participants' interactions with the interface were monitored remotely over a period of 10 weeks; information about their problematic situations and information retrieval behaviors were also collected during this time. The traditional controlled experiment was not adequate in answering the author's research questions; hence, the author provides his rationale for a naturalistic approach. The study's findings show that there is indeed a selective compatibility between query submission methods provided by the MeSH display and users' problematic situations. The query submission methods associated with the display were found to be the preferred search tools when users' information needs were vague and the search topics unfamiliar. The findings support the theoretical proposition that users engaging in an information retrieval process with a variety of problematic situations need different approaches. The author argues that rather than treat the information retrieval system as a general purpose tool, more attention should be given to the interaction between the functionality of the tool and the characteristics of users' problematic situations.

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Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

Purpose The study aims to paint a representative picture of the current state of search interfaces of Swedish online museum collections, focussing on search functionalities with particular reference to subject searching, as well as the use of controlled vocabularies, with the purpose of identifying which improvements of the search interfaces are needed to ensure high-quality information retrieval for the end user. Design/methodology/approach In the first step, a set of 21 search interface criteria was identified, based on related research and current standards in the domain of cultural heritage knowledge organization. Secondly, a complete set of Swedish museums that provide online access to their collections was identified, comprising nine cross-search services and 91 individual museums' websites. These 100 websites were each evaluated against the 21 criteria, between 1 July and 31 August 2020. Findings Although many standards and guidelines are in place to ensure quality-controlled subject indexing, which in turn support information retrieval of relevant resources (as individual or full search results), the study shows that they are not broadly implemented, resulting in information retrieval failures for the end user. The study also demonstrates a strong need for the implementation of controlled vocabularies in these museums. Originality/value This study is a rare piece of research which examines subject searching in online museums; the 21 search criteria and their use in the analysis of the complete set of online collections of a country represents a considerable and unique contribution to the fields of knowledge organization and information retrieval of cultural heritage. Its particular value lies in showing how the needs of end users, many of which are documented and reflected in international standards and guidelines, should be taken into account in designing search tools for these museums; especially so in subject searching, which is the most complex and yet the most common type of search. Much effort has been invested into digitizing cultural heritage collections, but access to them is hindered by poor search functionality. This study identifies which are the most important aspects to improve.

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Abstract

Semantische Netze unterstützen den Suchvorgang im Information Retrieval. Sie bestehen aus relationierten Begriffen und helfen dem Nutzer das richtige Vokabular zur Fragebildung zu finden. Eine leicht und intuitiv erfassbare Darstellung und eine interaktive Bedienungsmöglichkeit optimieren den Suchprozess mit der Begriffsstruktur. Als Interaktionsform bietet sich Hy-pertext mit dem etablierte Point- und Klickverfahren an. Eine Visualisierung zur Unterstützung kognitiver Fähigkeiten kann durch eine Darstellung der Informationen mit Hilfe von Punkten und Linien erfolgen. Vorgestellt wer-den die Anwendungsbeispiele Wissensnetz im Brockhaus multimedial, WordSurfer der Firma BiblioMondo, SpiderSearch der Firma BOND und Topic Maps Visualization in dandelon.com und im Portal Informationswis-senschaft der Firma AGI - Information Management Consultants.

Series

Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd.51

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Abstract

Semantische Netze unterstützen den Suchvorgang im Information Retrieval. Sie bestehen aus relationierten Begriffen und helfen dem Nutzer, das richtige Vokabular zur Fragebildung zu finden. Eine leicht und intuitiv erfassbare Darstellung und eine interaktive Bedienungsmöglichkeit optimieren den Suchprozess mit der Begriffsstruktur. Als Interaktionsform bietet sich Hypertext mit seinem Point- und Klickverfahren an. Die Visualisierung erfolgt als Netzstruktur aus Punkten und Linien. Es werden die Anwendungsbeispiele Wissensnetz im Brockhaus multimedial, WordSurfer der Firma BiblioMondo, SpiderSearch der Firma BOND und Topic Maps Visualization in dandelon.com und im Portal Informationswissenschaft der Firma AGI - Information Management Consultants vorgestellt.

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Abstract

The use of diagrams to express relationships in classification is not new. Many classificationists have used this approach, but usually in a minor display to make a point or for part of a difficult relational situation. Ranganathan, for example, used diagrams for some of his more elusive concepts. The thesaurus in particular and subject headings in general, with direct and indirect crossreferences or equivalents, need many more diagrams than normally are included to make relationships and even semantics clear. A picture very often is worth a thousand words. Rolling has used directed graphs (arrowgraphs) to join terms as a practical method for rendering relationships between indexing terms lucid. He has succeeded very weIl in this endeavor. Four diagrams in this selection are all that one needs to explain how to employ the system; from initial listing to completed arrowgraph. The samples of his work include illustration of off-page connectors between arrowgraphs. The great advantage to using diagrams like this is that they present relations between individual terms in a format that is easy to comprehend. But of even greater value is the fact that one can use his arrowgraphs as schematics for making three-dimensional wire-and-ball models, in which the relationships may be seen even more clearly. In fact, errors or gaps in relations are much easier to find with this methodology. One also can get across the notion of the threedimensionality of classification systems with such models. Pettee's "hand reaching up and over" (q.v.) is not a figment of the imagination. While the actual hand is a wire or stick, the concept visualized is helpful in illuminating the three-dimensional figure that is latent in all systems that have cross-references or "broader," "narrower," or, especially, "related" terms. Classification schedules, being hemmed in by the dimensions of the printed page, also benefit from such physical illustrations. Rolling, an engineer by conviction, was the developer of information systems for the Cobalt Institute, the European Atomic Energy Community, and European Coal and Steel Community. He also developed and promoted computer-aided translation at the Commission of the European Communities in Luxembourg. One of his objectives has always been to increase the efficiency of mono- and multilingual thesauri for use in multinational information systems.

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Abstract

Traditionell werden Thesauren in Listen dargestellt, doch die Existenz von Software legt nahe, die Möglichkeiten moderner Informationsvisualisierung auszuschöpfen.Wolfram Sieber evaluiert, ob und wie Software zur Thesaurus-Visualisierung über die reine Listendarstellung hinausgeht. Besonderes Augenmerk richtet er darauf, wie gut dabei die Chancen der Visualisierung - Stichworte prä-/attentive Wahrnehmung und Change Blindness - genutzt werden, bzw. wie gegen sie verstoßen und der Nutzer dadurch in seiner Arbeit behindert wird.Zugunsten einer soliden Entscheidungsgrundlage hat Sieber eine detaillierte Liste von Prüfkriterien zusammengestellt und sieben verschiedene Thesaurus-Visualisierer daran gemessen. Diese Liste kann als Grundlage für weitergehende Evaluierungen verwendet werden, bietet sich aber vor allem als Richtschnur bei der Entwicklung eigener Thesaurus- und Graph-Visualisierer an. Anwendern und interessierten Laien hilft sie, zur Auswahl stehende Graph-Visualisierer aus fachlicher Sicht, wissenschaftlich abgesichert zu beurteilen. Dieses Werk richtet sich an Entscheider, Entwickler und Anwender aus Informationswissenschaft und -praxis, Informatik, Dokumentation.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Das Screen-Design-Handbuch gibt Gestaltern interaktiver Medien eine praktische Arbeitshilfe an die Hand, um Informationen zielgruppen- und mediengerecht aufzubereiten und darzustellen. Es zeigt Hintergründe und Zusammenhänge auf, verdeutlicht diese anhand von Beispielen und regt dazu an, die Sprache der digitalen Medien weiter zu entwickeln. Grundlagen der Wahrnehmungs- und Lernpsychologie, der Ergonomie, der Kommunikationstheorie, der Imagery-Forschung und der Ästhethik werden dabei ebenso berücksichtigt wie Fragen der Gestaltung von Navigations- und Orientierungselementen. Die Neuauflage enthält mehr Beispiele und Checklisten sowie neue Kapitel über Wahrnehmung, Web-Nutzung und Projektmanagement

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Abstract

Bei webbasierten Suchmaschinen werden zunehmend auch Systeme mit Visualisierungskomponenten für die Ergebnisrepräsentation angeboten. Die Ansätze der Visualisierungen unterscheiden sich hierbei in der Zielsetzung und Ausführung deutlich voneinander. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt die verwendeten Visualisierungsmethoden, systematisiert diese anhand einer Klassifikation, stellt die führenden frei zugänglichen Systeme vor und vergleicht diese anhand der Kriterien aus der Systematisierung. Die typischen Problemfelder werden identifiziert und die wichtigsten Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der untersuchten Systeme herausgearbeitet. Die Vorstellung zweier innovativer Visualisierungskonzepte im Bereich der Relationenvisualisierung innerhalb von Treffermengen und der Visualisierung von Relationen bei der Suche nach Musik schließen den Beitrag ab.

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.3, S.149-158

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Abstract

Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand während meiner Zeit als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Informationssysteme (IPSI) der GMD - Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik GmbH in Darmstadt. Sie basiert auf Arbeiten, Ergebnissen und Erfahrungen, die ich während der Entwicklung des LyberWorld-Systems machen konnte. Die Arbeit ist aus diesem Grunde einerseits im Rahmen des Projektes LyberWorld der Abteilung VISIT (Visuelle Interaktionswerkzeuge) zu sehen, dem ich als Mitarbeiter angehörte, andererseits ist sie aber auch in sich abgeschlossen.

Content

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Anforderungsanalyse, die Modellierung, der Entwurf und die exemplarische Realisierung, Integration und Bewertung eines Interaktiven Informationsvisualisierungsmodells zur Unterstützung von Informationsdialogen mit Information-Retrieval-Systemen, von darauf aufbauenden interaktiven Informationsvisualisierungsbeispielen, den dazu korrespondierenden Softwarekomponenten sowie deren integriertem Einsatz und Bewertung in einer exemplarischen Anwendungslösung für die Unterstützung interaktiver visuelldirekt manipulative Informationsdialoge mit einem Informations-Retrieval-System. Die Arbeit enthält den Entwurf und die Implementierung der prototypischen Anwendung LyberWorld zur computergraphischen Visualisierung von inhaltsorientierten Informationsdialogen zwischen naiven Benutzern und Datenbanksystemen mit Information-Retrieval-Funktionen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei das Ziel, naiven Benutzern innerhalb eines visuell direkt manipulativen Informationsdialoges eine Unterstützung bei der Benutzung von Information-Retrieval- und Data-Mining-Funktionen auf der Basis von interaktiven Informationsvisualisierungskomponenten zur Verfügung zu stellen. Bezüglich der kognitiven Effizienz der Benutzung solcher Informationsvisualisierungskomponenten durch einen naiven Benutzer, ist es die Grundannahme der Arbeit, daß bei unveränderter Informations-Retrieval-Basisfunktionalität mit Hilfe einer geeigneten graphischen Benutzungsschnittstelle durch Ausnutzung der menschlichen Fähigkeit zur visuellen Wahrnehmung und direktmanipulativen Interaktion ein natürlicherer und kognitiv effizienterer Informationsdialog erzielt wird, als dies mit herkömmlichen z.B. Formblatt oder formalsprachlich orientierten Interaktionsparadigmen der Fall ist. Aus diesem Grund werden in der Arbeit visuell direkt manipulative Informationsvisualisierungs- und Darstellungsmethoden sowie visuell direkt manipulative Metaphern für elementare Funktionen des Informationsdialoges hergeleitet, implementiert und miteinander integriert.
Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen, die Kommando-, Menü- oder Formblatt-orientierte Interaktionsparadigmen verwenden, schlagen wir für die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle von Informationssystemen eine interaktive Informationsvisualisierung vor, bei der den geometrischen, räumlichen und graphischen Attributen der dargestellten Informationsobjekte besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Mehrdimensionale, computergraphische Informationsvisualisierungen des informationellen Kontextes des Informationsdialoges bilden das gemeinsame Kommunikations- und Interaktionsmedium zwischen den konzeptuellen Informationsmodellen und den Information-Retrieval-Funktionen des Systems sowie dem mentalen Modell, das der Benutzer von der Informationsmenge und den Informationsfunktionen des Informationssystems hat. Dabei besteht zwischen den visuell direkt manipulativen computergraphischen Informationsvisualisierungsobjekten der Benutzungsschnittstelle und den Informationsobjekten der Datenbasis eine funktionale Verknüpfung, die dem Benutzer durch die visuelle Ausprägung der graphischen Visualisierungsobjekte und die Verwendung von visuellen Metaphern vermittelt wird. Die automatischen Such- und Bewertungsfunktionen des Datenbank- oder Information-Retrieval-Systems werden ebenfalls in Form visuell direkt manipulativer Interaktionsmechanismen zur Verfügung gestellt.