Search (4790 results, page 2 of 240)

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Abstract

Describes a consultancy project for the development of a health care thesaurus involving the movement of text between different application programs. The thesaurus was built from existing text within the organisation originating from 3 sources: natural language registry file headings; descriptions from an internal business directory and a controlled vocabulary. The software used was WordPerfect and Cardbox

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Field

Lebensmittel und Ernährung

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Abstract

51 subject searches were performed in an online catalog containing about 4,5 million records. Their success was judges in terms of lists of items, known to be relevant to the various topics, compiled by subject specialists (faculty members or authors of articles in specialized encyclopedias). Many of the items known to be relevant were not retrieved, even in very broad searches that sometimes retrieved several hundred records, and very little could be done to make them retrievable within the constraints of present cataloging practice. Librarians should recognize that library catalogs, as now implemented, offer only the most primitive of subject access and should seek to develop different types of subject access tools. - Vgl auch Letter (B.H. Weinberg) in: LTRS 36(1992) S.123-124.

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Abstract

Data contained in a 1982 paper were analyzed in terms of relevance odds of common items retrieved by searching any two content-bearing search fields. While the 1982 study compared the relatice retrieval performance of 7 search fields, the present study shows that duplicate documents retrieval by the use of terms from any two of the fields would have higher odds being judges relevant than those retrieved by only one of the fields. 63 relevance odds were computed using the log cross product technique. The highest relevance odds were associated with common items retrieved from assigned descriptors and from truncated free text terms from either the title or abstract fields; their relevance odds were 19 to 2 in favour of overlaps. Overlap retrieval could be considered a strategy for high precision searching

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Abstract

The richness provided in a deep demantic model of text is appealing and yet few such models have been developed. Considers the problems with existing practical natural language processing (NLP) systems and the difficulties in developing such a model. Argues that a possible solution must focus on the reasoning process using knowledge of words rather than the use of other mechanisms and especially those that speed up the pre processing stage. Suggests also that computing representations of text that are transcripts of judges' oral reports on Family Law cases is a challenging text area for these techniques

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Abstract

Describes the 26 entires to the 1996 Australian society of Indexers' (AusSI) Prize for Web indexes. Entries showed a variety of approaches to Web indexing and included: linear back-of-book style indexes; annotated bibliographies; Yahoo-style hierachical sites; and beautiful castles with rooms full of links. Entries were judges on ease of use of the index for a novice user, content and breadth of coverage, and usefulness at getting information that could answer questions. The winner was the Australian Parliamentary Library Index by Alan Wilson, an index to the information on the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library's Web site and from othe departments of the Australian Parliament. A brief description of each entrey is given together with its URL and the compiler's email address. All entries can be reached on the Web

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Abstract

Describes the Hebrew subject headings developed by the staff of the Hebrew Cataloguing Department, Bar-Ilan Univ. Library, Israel. The history of the development of the subject headings is followed by a discussion of how the library began assigning subject headings. Discusses the problems of translating and adapting LCSH and creating new subject headings in Hebrew

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Abstract

The DIMDI undertook a translation of NLM's MeSH, the machine-readable version is available from DIMDI. The thesaurus contains 18.000 subject headings in medicine and related fields. It is arranged: 1) alphabetically and 2) hierarchically. Both arrangements have a main list with the main subject headings only in German and two lists with German-English and English-German subject headings

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Issue

Vol.1: List of headings. Vol.2: Keyword index.

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Abstract

Two proposals are presented which affect the Library of Congress's subject headings for art: abandonment of the structure used in headings like "Art, French" and assignment of genre headings for some types of reproductions of an artist's work.

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Abstract

A recent survey at the Royal Library in the Netherlands showed that subject headings are more efficient than title keywords for retrieval purposes. 475 Dutch publications were selected at random and assigned subject headings. The study showed that subject headings provided additional useful information in 56% of titles. Subsequent searching of the library's online catalogue showed that 88% of titles were retrieved via subject headings against 57% through title keywords. Further precision may be achieved with the help of indexing staff, but at considerable cost

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: A good title has no need of subject headings, or does it?: a comparative study of title keywords against subject headings

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Abstract

The Technical Services Committee of the Women's Studies Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, investigated the assignment of subject headings (LCSH) to core works in women's studies. Annotations for the works were compared with subject headings on OCLC cataloguing copy, mainly created by the Library of Congress. Identifies inadequates and traces them to 3 sources: inadequacies in terminology (sexist langugae, limited and biased concepts and imprecise headings); complexities of assigning headings in interdisciplinary and / or emerging fields; and standard cataloguing practices. Lists sample concepts and existing established LCSH missing lacking in bibliographical records and sample concepts lacking adequate established subject headings. Presents recommendations for remedying these problems

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Abstract

Analyses the hierarchical structure of subject headings in the cluster of the social sciences in the 12th ed. of the LCSH. Recommends some headings presently in the cluster for elimination, and suggests some not related at present. Headings pertinent to social processes, social organisation, and culture are grouped in 3 social clusters: action theory, culture, and social structure. Makes suggestions for establishing new subject headings. The intention of these changes is to create the cluster of headings corresponding to the social theory of present day and reflecting interrelationships among social phenomena and levels of generalisation

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Abstract

Describes a study to investigate end user understanding of subdivided subject headings in their current form and in the form proposed by the first recommendation of the Library of Congress Subject Subdivisions Conference. The impetus for this study was a charge by the Subject Analysis Committee of the ALA to respond to the first recommendation of the LC Subject Subdivisions Conference that proposed standardizing the order of subject subdivisions. Questionnaires bearing subdivided subject headings in the 'current' form and in the form proposed were distributed to users and professional cataloguers who were asked for the meaning of individual headings. The end users' responses to cataloguers' responses were compared to determine end users' level of understanding of subdivided subject headings. An analysis of end user interpretations demonstrated that they interpreted the meaning of subject headings in the same manner as cataloguers about 40% of the time for 'current' forms of subject headings and about 32% of the time for 'proposed' forms of subject headings. Concludes with specific recommendations about the first recommendation of the LC Subject Subdivisions Conference and general recommendations about increasing end user understanding of subdivided subject headinbgs

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Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

Authority control of Chinese, Japanese and Korean name headings in the Library of Congress. Complains about the lack of vernacular script

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Abstract

n this article, we report on the first large-scale study of end-user understanding of subject headings. Our objectives were to determine the extent to which children and adults understood subdivided subject headings and to suggest improvements for improving understanding of subject headings. The 1991 Library of Congress Subject Subdivisions Conference suggested standardizing the order of subject subdivisions for the purpose of simplifying subject cataloging, which served as the impetus for the study. We demonstrated that adults understood subject headings better than children; however, both adults and children assigned correct meanings to less than half of the subject headings they examined. Neither subject heading context nor subdivision order had an effect on understanding. Based on our findings, we challenge the library community to make major changes to the Library of Congress Subject Headings system that have the potential to increase end-user understanding of subject headings.

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Abstract

One in a series of studies on the selection of search terms during an online search involving users and intermediaries in real online interactive situations. Considers: during what stage of the search process were search terms from different sources selected?; how were the search terms selected at different stages of the search process connected with retrieval of relevant answers as judges by users?; and in what sequences were the search terms selected, in respect to their sources. Sequences of selected search terms were analyzed to describe the types and frequencies of changes that occur in such sequences. Results indicate that search term selection follows regular patterns in the dynamics of the search process. Discusses implications of findings

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Abstract

Examines the effects of task structure on elementary school students' information seeking on the Internet. 32 5th and 6th grade students searched on 2 tasks for information that was relevant to solving 2 problems. Information seeking process behaviours were analyzed by collecting computer trace data of each student's search. Information seeking performance was measured by 2 adult raters and by students' own judgements of all documents found. Analyses of students' process behaviours illustrated that children are interactive information seekers, preferring to browse rather than plan or employ systematic analytic-based searching strategies. Performance results indicated that children have difficulty finding relevant information on the Internet, however, children did search more effectively on the ill-defined task than on the well-defined one. When judging their own performance, students rated their work equally on both tasks, yet adult judges found that studented permormed significantly worse on the well-defined task

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Abstract

Some empirical studies have explored the direct use of traditional classification schemes in the online environment; none has manipulated these manual classifications in such a way as to take full advantage of the power of both the classification and computer. It has been suggested that this power could be realized if the individual components of synthesized DDC numbers could be identified and indexed. Looks at the feasibility of automatically decomposing DDC synthesized numbers and the implications of such decompositions for informational retrieval. 1.701 sythesized numbers were decomposed by a computer system called DND (Dewey Number Decomposer). 600 were randomly selected for examination by 3 judges, each evaluating 200 numbers. The decomposition success rate was 100% and it was concluded that synthesized DDC numbers can be accurately decomposed automatically. The study has implications for information retrieval, expert systems for assigning DDC numbers, automatic indexing, switching language development and other important areas of cataloguing and classification