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  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Studwell, W.E.: LC's head in the sand, or, why the Subject Cataloging Manual is not enough (1993) 0.11 
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    Footnote
    Bezugnahme auf: 'Subject cataloging manual: subject headings. 4th ed. Washington 1991' und Vorläufer
  2. Hunter, E.J.; Bakewell, K.G.B.: Cataloguing (1991) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Eine Einführung in der Probleme der Formal- und Inhaltserschließung
    Content
    Revised to take account of the 1988 revision of AACR2, the publication of new ISBD texts, the changed format of LC subject headings and progress in computer applications
  3. ALA / Subcommittee on Subject Relationships/Reference Structures: Final Report to the ALCTS/CCS Subject Analysis Committee (1997) 0.10 
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    Content
    Enthält: Appendix A: Subcommittee on Subject Relationships/Reference Structures - REPORT TO THE ALCTS/CCS SUBJECT ANALYSIS COMMITTEE - July 1996 Appendix B (part 1): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (alphabetical display) (Separat in: http://web2.ala.org/ala/alctscontent/CCS/committees/subjectanalysis/subjectrelations/msrscu2.pdf) Appendix B (part 2): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (hierarchical display) Appendix C: Checklist of Candidate Subject Relationships for Information Retrieval. Compiled by Dee Michel, Pat Kuhr, and Jane Greenberg; edited by Greg Wool - June 1997 Appendix D: Review of Reference Displays in Selected CD-ROM Abstracts and Indexes by Harriette Hemmasi and Steven Riel Appendix E: Analysis of Relationships in Six LC Subject Authority Records by Harriette Hemmasi and Gary Strawn Appendix F: Report of a Preliminary Survey of Subject Referencing in OPACs by Gregory Wool Appendix G: LC Subject Referencing in OPACs--Why Bother? by Gregory Wool Appendix H: Research Needs on Subject Relationships and Reference Structures in Information Access compiled by Jane Greenberg and Steven Riel with contributions from Dee Michel and others edited by Gregory Wool Appendix I: Bibliography on Subject Relationships compiled mostly by Dee Michel with additional contributions from Jane Greenberg, Steven Riel, and Gregory Wool
    Issue
    June 1997
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  4. Sears' List of Subject Headings : Canadian companion (1992) 0.10 
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    Object
    Sears List of Subject Headings
  5. Subject headings : the future of subdivisions in the Library of Congress Subject Headings system; report from the subject divisions conference sponsored by the Library of Congress, May 9-12, 1991 (1992) 0.10 
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    Content
    16 Beiträge zu: (*) Machine validation of subdivided headings, especially headings with free-floating subdivisions; (*) order and display of subdivides headings; (*) simplification of rules for assigning subdivisions; (*) creation of a national subject authority file
  6. UNIMARC / CCF : Proceedings of the Workshop held in Florence, 5-7- June 1991 (1993) 0.10 
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  7. Senechal, M.: ¬The continuing silence of Bourbaki : an interview with Pierre Cartier, June 18, 1997 (1998) 0.10 
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  8. Principles underlying subject heading languages (SHLs) (1999) 0.09 
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    Classification
    AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
    LCSH
    Subject headings
    RVK
    AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis
    Subject
    Subject headings
  9. Mowery, R.L.: Spanish subject headings in ILLINET online (1995) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Spansih subject headings can be used when searching ILLINET Online. Although Spanish language Bilindex subject headings have been available for more than a decade, the library literature has virtually ignored their existence. Provides a brief introduction to these headings, identifies several Illinois libraries which currently assign them, and presents some examples. Surveys various prospects and problems associated with their use
  10. Lu, S.-j.: ¬A study on Chinese subject headings (1997) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the theory and practice of subject headings, the principle and application of subject heading lists in various countries, and the present situation of the Chinese subject heading list in Taiwan. Suggests improvements to the chinese Subject Headings as follows: to increase the number of subject headings; to control the vocabulary to be used; to use fixed fields of Chinese MARC, performing the partial function of subdivision in the chinese Subject Headings; to announce the addition, correction and deletion of subject headings regularly and to compile a users' manual; to establish a national subject heading authority file in the MARC format; and to use the Chinese Subject Headings to organize Internet resources
    Object
    Chinese Subject Headings
  11. Shubert, S.B.: Critical views of LCSH - ten years later : a bibliographic essay (1992) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay" published in 'Cataloging & classification quarterly 1(1982) S.71-93' has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about LCSH. Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944-1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the LCSHs during the 1980s. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch den Vorgänger: Kirtland, M., P.A. Cochrane: Critical views of LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1982) no.2/3, S.71-93. und den Nachfolger: Fischer, K.S.: Critical views of LCSH, 1990-2001: the third bibliographic essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 41(2005) no.1, S.x-xx.
  12. Gillman, P.: Transferring text (1993) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Describes a consultancy project for the development of a health care thesaurus involving the movement of text between different application programs. The thesaurus was built from existing text within the organisation originating from 3 sources: natural language registry file headings; descriptions from an internal business directory and a controlled vocabulary. The software used was WordPerfect and Cardbox
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  13. Haughton, B.: ¬The Viticulture and Enology Library at the University of California, Davis Library : an example of application of modified Library of Congress Classification and Subject Headings (1998) 0.09 
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    Field
    Lebensmittel und Ernährung
  14. Ewbank, L.: Crisis in subject cataloging and retrieval (1996) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Report of the ALCTS Cataloging and Classification Section during the Annual Meeting of the ALA at Chicago, June 25, 1995 with summaries of the presentations by the following 5 speakers:
    Footnote
    Arlene G. Taylor, (University of Pittsburgh), in her talk "Introduction to the Crisis," stated that there has been an erosion of confidence in subject cataloging, which is frequently thought not to be cost-effective. Signs of the crisis are 1) an administrative push to cut back or eliminate subject cataloging, 2) lack of sufficient education in the theory and practice of subject analysis, leading to a lack of understanding on the part of non-catalogers, 3) a widespread negative view of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and 4) a view of classification as only a way of arranging items on a shelf, and therefore clearly dispensable in an age of online information. Reasons for the erosion of confidence are 1) the availability of keyword searching, which many people think is sufficient, 2) the difficulty of subject analysis in an expanding universe of knowledge--including the increasing variety of materials, and of different formats, not all of which are suitable for traditional subject analysis--increasing variation of word usage even in the same language, the appearance of new subjects requiring new terminology, and the use of multiple thesauri with little or no attempt to relate them to each other), and 3) the "since it can't be perfect" syndrome, i.e., since subject analysis is subjective anyway, so why bother? Francis Miksa, (University of Texas at Austin), spoke about "Bibliographic Control Traditions and Subject Access in Library Catalogs". Suggesting that we need a broader perspective, partly historical, and a new approach and methodology, he discussed 1) bibliographic control as a general model and the various traditions of bibliographic control, and 2) the measure of a single bibliographic item, and how much information about it belongs in an entry in a bibliographic control system. Bibliographic control is any attempt to gain power over the information-bearing objects which comprise the bibliographic universe. The universe of knowledge is intangible and ordered, and resides in information-bearing objects, while the bibliographic universe is tangible--being made up of objects--but unordered; bibliographic control consists of identifying and ordering bibliographic objects so that they can be retrieved and used to help people reach the universe of knowledge. The types of bibliographic control that have arisen are--in chronological order--1) bibliography, 2) library cataloging, 3) indexing and abstracting, 4) documentation and information storage and retrieval, 5) archival enterprises, and 6) records management. The nature of a single bibliographic unit--that is, the basis of an entry in a bibliographic organization system--differs among these traditions of practice: in archives, it is a collection from a single source, in records management a group of records, and in library cataloging it was originally one book containing one work by one author.
    The first breakdown of this ideal was the appearance of information-bearing objects containing more than one work, such as transactions of learned societies, periodicals, etc.; the solution to this breakdown was analytical cataloging, and the result was the rise of indexing and documentation. The second breakdown, originating in indexing and abstracting, was the discovery that subject access is not limited to a work as a single bibliographic item, and that it is not simply concerned with "aboutness". The response to the second breakdown was the fragmentation of the concept of the unity of a work into the concept of the work as a conglomeration of topics, forms, and genres. Therefore, library cataloging is two breakdowns behind, and still operating with a simplistic view of a document as a unit. Thomas Mann, (Library of Congress), spoke about "Cataloging and Reference Work". His first topic was the continuing need for subject classification of books (i.e., for subject arrangement of books on shelves). He gave two examples of information that could be found only by taking books in a particular subject area off the shelves and looking through each one for the relevant information. The information exists in these books at the page and paragraph level, and this kind of searching could not be done if the books were not organized on the shelves by subject. Scholars, students, and journalists use this type of search quite often, but librarians generally ignore it or say that it is unimportant (partly because it can't be computerized, and some librarians think anything that can't be computerized is unimportant). The quality and level of research that can be done in libraries would be greatly diminished if this kind of searching became impossible. Mann's second topic was the importance of specific entry in a controlled vocabulary. Use of the most specific entry is being abandoned because of the increased use of copy cataloging; general headings are being accepted in place of specific ones, and this leads to disaster. The items are effectively lost, because one never knows where to stop with general headings (since all general headings are potentially applicable), whereas with a specific heading, one stops when one finds the heading that fits most closely with the subject one wants> If works dealing with this subject all had the specific heading, one could then be sure that one had found all the works in the library on this subject.
    The third topic was that the crisis is mainly due to reference and bibliographic instruction librarians, who are not telling users how to use the retrieval systems created by catalogers. They should tell users about the red books, about the importance of Narrower Terms (NT, including those that are alphabetically adjacent to Broader Terms (BT) as these cannot be found in screen displays), about the usefulness of subject headings from records for relevant items located by author, title, or keyword for finding similar items. (Of course, this will not work if the headings are at the wrong level of specificity!); and about the subdivisions of subject headings. Some bibliographic instruction librarians are telling users not to use LCSH, so the users are missing many--sometimes most--of the relevant items. If the retrieval system is going to work, reference and bibliographic instruction librarians have to explain how subject headings work, rather than concealing or even disparaging them. Michael Gorman, (California State University--Fresno), talked about "The Cost and Value of Organized Subject Access," saying that systematic subject access is the key to effective use of libraries, and it is therefore both cost-effective and cost- beneficial, even though many administrators don't think so. But there are problems, both inherently and in application. Good subject access maximizes both recall and relevance. Specificity is extremely important; it best meets the needs of most users, because the cataloger has already differentiated the items. It is also extremely important that a verbal subject system have a syndetic structure, so that the user can explore broader, narrower, and related subjects. The time spent by the cataloger in creating subject headings should be inversely proportional to the time spent by the user on retrieval; the canon of service of our profession demands adding that value at the front end instead of shifting the burden to (infinite numbers of) users. Direct and indirect benefits to the user increase with the amount of time spent on subject headings; if we believe that the whole purpose of a library is to make its collection accessible, we can't afford not to provide detailed access to collections. Effective retrieval is impossible without authority control (which however is free, since it is just cataloging done right). Gorman contrasted the "howling desert" of the Internet with the well-ordered world of libraries, comparing the Internet to a used bookstore in which the bindings, indexes, and front matter have been removed from all the books and they are arranged in no order. The user searches for clumps of related material, but has no idea of its source. It may seem ordinary to go into the largest library and be able to find a specific item, secure in provenance and immediately usable, but this is beyond the wildest dreams of Net-surfers. We need fast and efficient access to recorded knowledge and information, because we have lives to live and can't spend time surfing; subject access is an essential part of this, and is vital for future seekers of truth.
  15. Riesthuis, G.J.A..: Conversion from precoordinated classified catalogues to postcoordinated keyword catalogues (1994) 0.08 
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    Knowledge organization and quality management: Proc. of the 3rd International ISKO Conference, 20-24 June 1994, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ed.: H. Albrechtsen et al
  16. Electronic information resources and historians : European perspectives. Proceedings of the workshop organized by the British Library, Research and Development Department, British Academy, and the International Association for History and Computing, 25-26 June 1993 (1993) 0.08 
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  17. Proceedings of the Workshop on 'Bibliometric Standards' (1996) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    Issue devoted to the proceedings of the Workshop 'Bibliometric Standards' held in River Forest, Illinois, 11 June 1995
  18. Andrade, J.M.F. d': PROFOTO (1996) 0.08 
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    International preservation news. 12(1996) June, S.19-21
  19. Ormes, S.: Internet activity in public libraries (1997) 0.08 
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    Online and CD notes. 1997, June, S.3-6
  20. Wang, D.: Cataloger appraises keyword searching in WorldCat (1997) 0.08 
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    Source
    OCLC newsletter. 1997, no.227, May/June, S.36

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