Search (4504 results, page 3 of 226)

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Abstract

CDS/ISIS is a menu-driven generalized information storage and retrieval system designed specifically for the computerized management of structured non-numerical data bases. The unique characteristic of CDS/ISIS is that it is specifically designed to handle fields (and consequently records) of varying length, thus allowing, on the one hand, an optimum utilization of disk storage and, on the other hand, a complete freedom in defining the maximum length of each field. Although some features of CDS/ISIS require some knowledge of and experience with computerized information systems, once an application has been designed the system may be used by persons having little or no prior computer experience.

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Abstract

The National Information on Software and Services (NISS) is a centrally funded initiative for the provision of information services to the UK academic community via the JANET X.25 and IP (JIPS) network utilizing both Wide Area Networking protocols. The key NISS services include: the NISS Gateway; the NISS Bulletin Board; the NISS Public Access Collections (NISSPAC); NISSWAIS; NISS-EP; and NISS-ALEX. The NISS-ALEX service makes it possible for any user to access data on the Internet without having to connect manually to the remote site and gather the information

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Abstract

Financial crisis in many libraries in the USA are leading to catalogue managers finding themselves faced with growing backlogs and fewer people to handle them. Considers the use of minimal level cataloging (MLC) to alleviate the problem. AACR2 allows for considerable variation in the amount of detail cataloguers can provide. Discusses the creation of a local MLC standard which could allow varying levels of description according to type of material. The financial realities of the 1990s mean that the ideal of creating a perfect catalogue record for each title must be balanced agianst the desirability of having a bibliographic record, albeit an imperfect one, available to patrons in the near future

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Abstract

Internet workshops and other classes involving online tools can be mode more effective through use of presentation graphics software. Such software allows presenters to snapshot and modify screens of computer information. They can then highlight the information paths and techniques they want the audience to be aware of and, during the presentation, can click through the captured screens without having to worry about typing errors or slow response time. Presentation software is ideal for presentations using computer projectors, but can also be helpful in other contexts. Discusses the creation of a presentation about the Internet using Lotus Freelance Graphics 2.0. Other presentation software programs are also listed

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Abstract

Although existing document imaging software effectively serves small business needs whenit comes to publishing documents from multiple sources in various formats on CD-ROM and the WWW, the same cannot be said when it comes to large scale corporate publishing. Sets out the requirements of corporate in house document publishing, which typically include: avoiding hand crafting documents for different media, having the flexibility not to be hostage to changing word processors, vendor alliances, operating systems, or output media; reducing exception handling as volumes of published documents increase; and incorporating support for upcoming changes in HTML, if WWW publishing is planned. Focuses on the importance of SGML and DTD in this process

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Abstract

Describes a proposed system for helping public library users, in praticular students, in their document searches. The system would directly involve users in compiling cards that indictae the various library sources (encyclopedias, books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) from which they retrieved bibliographic data. These cards would then be used to create a search path catalogue having 2 sections: general research topics; and keywords. Subsequently the librarian would form a database from this information. Such a system would not only benefit other researchers but also help the library to plan acquisition and rationalise its document arrangements. The scheme won 3rd prize in an open competition designated 'La biblioteca desiderata' (The kind of library we want), promoted jointly by the Milan Province Cultural Office and Biblioteche Oggi

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Abstract

The escalating economic importance of information and the increasing integration of cultural spheres into the economic system are identified as key factors in the conception of information as a commodity, rather than a public good. This is now having a significant impact on government policy and on libraries, with prominent professional representatives advocating an entrepreneurial model of librarianship which contradicts traditional ideas of free and equal access to information. Such a model threatens the future of the library as a vital sphere of democratic culture. Discusses the broader trends exemplifying the current trajectory of advanced capitalism so as to proved a context for the critical interpretation of issues within librarianship

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Abstract

Discusses the results of a study completed before and after an online catalogue was introduced in the Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The study sought to identify changes in user attitudes and behaviour when dealing with a newly implemented online catalogue. The data were obtained using a survey among library and catalogue users. The results indicated that some changes in user perceptions and behaviour were associated with the introduction of an online catalogue. The extent of this association was weak which indicated the existence of other variables having influence on these changes

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Abstract

While the French bibliothèques départementales de prêt (BDP) differ from other public libraries in having no direct contact with the public, they nevertheless have stock to be organized by traditional professional procedures. Describes how the BDP of the Savoie departement simplified its use of the DDC, reducing the hitherto lengthy class marks and creating a reasonable proportion between the numer of subdivisions and the volumes on the shelves. Enumerates the objectives and obstacles which had to be overcome and explains how the reclassification was carried out from 1994.96 using Opsys 7.03 and Word. The exercise has also had an impact on weeding and acquisition

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Abstract

Asks if ideas carefully nurtured under the banner of information resource management can have been lost in the new world of knowledge management. Discusses the 3 segments of intellectual capital and examines the distinction between explicit and tacit knowledge, 2 approaches proposed by leading exponents of knowledge management. Forms the view that knowledge is a broader term having components one of which is information. Suggests that a programme to support knowledge management can be developed from people management, process management and information management and that the development of knowledge bases must incorporate specific skills. Argues that IRM is not only consistent with knowlegde management but has a major role to play in the forward development of the subject

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Abstract

The human-centred approach should be considered as an alternative to the techno-economic model of the European Commission information society. This alternative approach should be based on the principles of democratic participation of citizens and social cohesion. Uisng a community development based approach, introduces concepts of partnership, tripartite collaboration and universal partipication. Having evaluated a human-centred approach to the information society this is then applied to the results of 4 case studies of Danish and Swedish community teleservice centres and the subsequent lessons drawn

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Abstract

This paper presents a probabilistic technique to retrieve passages from texts having a large size or heterogeneous semantic content. The proposed technique is independent on any supporting auxiliary data, such as text structure, topic organization, or pre-defined text segments. A Bayesian framework implements the probabilistic technique. We carried out experiments to compare the probabilistique technique to one based on a text segmentation algorithm. In particular, the probabilistique technique is more effective than, or as effective as the one based on the text segmentation to retrieve small passages. Results show that passage size affects passage retrieval performance. Results do also suggest that text organization and query generality may have an impact on the difference in effectiveness between the two techniques

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Abstract

In addition to having a ethical obligation to treat colleagues with courtesy and respect, refernce librarians must be able to interact effectively with one another in order to provide an optimal level of service to their users. A well functioning reference unit builds on the individual strengths of each reference librarian and promotes an environment conductive to consultation and sharing. The tone for setting such an atmosphere is largely dependent upon the actions of the head of the unit who must set an example of fairness, cooperation, and striving for excellence while providing encouragement to update skills

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Abstract

Explores some characteristics of the information superhigway and the WWW metaphors in the light of the current developments in information technology. These characteristics constitute a form of conceptual slippage, which helps us detect and predict the tacit impact that the currently available information delivery systems are having on human cognition. The particular language associated with these systems evolve as a direct result of human cognitive adaptations to the demands, resources and constraints of highly technological environments. discusses the role of metaphor as a vehicle for self-expression, as mediated by criteria of relevance

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Abstract

Despite adequate documentation of the monograph cataloguing backlogs in academic libraries, backlogs of music materials for the entire US library community have gone unreported. In order to confirm the existence of music backlogs, and address questions concerning their existence and growth, what causes them to continue, and what needs to be done to eliminate them: a survey was undertaken of institutional subscribers to the Music Cataloging Bulletin. The survey asked libraries to quantify their uncatalogued scores and sound recordings and to describe their music cataloguing staff and procedures. Of the 358 perticipating libraries, 77 % reported having music backlogs. These backlogs grew primarily as a result of large acquisitions and gifts without corresponding staff to process them. Respondents also cited lack of knowledgeable staff as a deterrent to the reduction and elimination of backlogs

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Abstract

Information access in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Libraries', New York, InfoTrax has increased from its formation as an electronic catalogue in 1984 to its current status of campus wide information system. This has been accomplished by including additional library materials, campus files, and outside data bases. Integration between data bases gives patrons access to call number and serials check-in information without having to switch files. An electronic request service allows patrons to hold, photocopy or interloan materials from their terminals

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Abstract

Describes a study using citation analysis to select journals that could be used in the veterinary medical field. The study determines the principal journals to which a veterinary medical library should subscribe, thus obtaining the highest possible utility of materials. By using a database of 105 journals for a period of five years (1982-86), citation data were applied on the Bradford bibliography and Bradford-Zipf distribution to determine the ranking of journals in the field and the "core journals". Reports the results of the study which discovered that the Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa is the most cited journal with 305 citations, and the core journals were eight in number, having 1,067 citations representing 66.2 per cent of the total citations.

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Abstract

As part of ongoing investigation of information seeking behaviour of end users in electronic environments, a comparison was made of those users having expertise in a topic area and those with expertise in online searching. Computer scientists and online search specialists conducted assigned searches in a HyperCard database on the topic of hypertext. Both groups of experts were able to conduct successful searches and outperformed a novice control group. Search specialists took slightly less time tahn the domain experts, modified queries by adding terms found in the text, and tended to focus on query formulation. Domain experts focused on the text and used their domain knowledge for further question answering

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Abstract

A text window is a group of words appearing in contiguous positions in text used to exploit a variety of lexical, syntactics, and semantic relationships without having to analyze the text explicitely for their structure. This supports the previously suggested idea that natural grouping of words are best treated as a unit of size 7 to 11 words, that is, plus or minus 3 to 5 words. The text retrieval experiments varying the size of windows, both with full text and with stopwords removed, support these size ranges. The characteristcs of windows that best match terms in queries are examined in detail, revealing intersting differences between those for queries with good results and those for queries with poorer results. Queries with good results tend to contain morte content word phrase and few terms with high frequency of use in the database. Information retrieval systems may benefit from expanding thesaurus-style relationships or incorporating statistical dependencies for terms within these windows

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Abstract

The existence of different versions or manifestations of films has presented a challenge to cataloguers for some time. Reports a study, conducted using a random samp,e of 119 film works held by the Californis University at Los Angeles Film and Television Archive, of the frequency of occurrence of manifestations of films and the visible indicators, accessible to cataloguers, that are associated with these differences. Results found that continuity, or artistic and intellectual content, varies frequently: additionally, some works have added subsidiary matter or differences in language and sound track; and a total of 58% of works sampled had at least one instance of difference in artistic and intellectual content between 2 items. Only 8% were mentioned as having manifestations in standard reference sources. Visible indicators and physical format of films were found to be very unreliable indicators of actual difference in content. Length differences of 3 minutes or more, as found in 72% of titles, are the most reliable indicators of actual differences. This corresponds to findings for books, which indicate paging as the most reliable indicator