Search (4970 results, page 1 of 249)

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Content

Better navigation FRBR is a way of explaining the bibliographic world, in a library context, to allow for a better arrangement and collocation of records in a bibliographic database and, consequently, better navigation. FRBR could make possible a catalog that would group all the bibliographic records for all the filmed versions of Romeo and Juliet in sets organized by the language of the production, for example. Within each language's set would be separate subsets for those on DVD and those on videocassette. This would eliminate the screen after screen of displays of bibliographic headings, each of which a user has to investigate to determine if the record is really for the resource he or she needs ("Where's the movie version on DVD?") The larger the size of the database, the more such organization promises cleaner, more navigable displays to searchers. This is why FRBR is especially important in resource sharing environments-where databases seem to grow exponentially. From items to works One of the bases for that organization is FRBR's conception of bibliographic resources, which fall into four "entities": item, manifestation, expression, and work. An "item" is familiar to us: the object that sits on a shelf, which gets checked out, damaged, repaired, then eventually discarded. In the current era, it may not be physical but instead virtual, like an ebook. The "item," an individual copy, is a single example of a "manifestation," the publication by a certain publisher of a text, or of a sound or video recording. Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf, published in hardback by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 1999, is one manifestation. Heaney's translation of Beowulf published in paperback by W.W. Norton in 2000 is another. Heaney's Beowulf as it appears in the collection Wizards: Stories of Magic, Mischief and Mayhem (Thunder's Mouth, 2001) is yet another manifestation. Manifestations are generally what catalogers catalog. All of these are manifestations of an "expression," a more abstract and intangible entity. Heaney's translation of Beowulf, independent of who is publishing it and when, is one "expression" of that work. The translation by Barry Tharaud is another.
What are these two Beowulf translations "expressions" of? I used the term work above, an even more abstract concept in the FRBR model. In this case, the "work" is Beowulf , that ancient intellectual creation or effort that over time has been expressed in multiple ways, each manifested in several different ways itself, with one or more items in each manifestation. This is a pretty gross oversimplification of FRBR, which also details other relationships: among these entities; between these entities and various persons (such as creators, publishers, and owners); and between these entities and their subjects. It also specifies characteristics, or "attributes," of the different types of entities (such as title, physical media, date, availability, and more.). But it should be enough to grasp the possibilities. Now apply it Imagine that you have a patron who needs a copy of Heaney's translation of Beowulf . She doesn't care who published it or when, only that it's Heaney's translation. What if you (or your patron) could place an interlibrary loan call on that expression, instead of looking through multiple bibliographic records (as of March, OCLC's WorldCat had nine regular print editions) for multiple manifestations and then judging which record is the best bet on which to place a request? Combine that with functionality that lets you specify "not Braille, not large print," and it could save you time. Now imagine a patron in want of a copy, any copy, in English, of Romeo and Juliet. Saving staff time means saving money. Whether or not this actually happens depends upon what the library community decides to do with FRBR. It is not a set of cataloging rules or a system design, but it can influence both. Several library system vendors are working with FRBR ideas; VTLS's current integrated library system product Virtua incorporates FRBR concepts in its design. More vendors may follow. How the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules develops the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) to incorporate FRBR will necessarily be a strong determinant of how records work in a "FRBR-ized" bibliographic database.
National FRBR experiments The larger the bibliographic database, the greater the effect of "FRBR-like" design in reducing the appearance of duplicate records. LC, RLG, and OCLC, all influenced by FRBR, are experimenting with the redesign of their databases. LC's Network Development and MARC Standards Office has posted at its web site the results of some of its investigations into FRBR and MARC, including possible display options for bibliographic information. The design of RLG's public catalog, RedLightGreen, has been described as "FRBR-ish" by Merrilee Proffitt, RLG's program officer. If you try a search for a prolific author or much-published title in RedLightGreen, you'll probably find that the display of search results is much different than what you would expect. OCLC Research has developed a prototype "frbrized" database for fiction, OCLC FictionFinder. Try a title search for a classic title like Romeo and Juliet and observe that OCLC includes, in the initial display of results (described as "works"), a graphic indicator (stars, ranging from one to five). These show in rough terms how many libraries own the work-Romeo and Juliet clearly gets a five. Indicators like this are something resource sharing staff can consider an "ILL quality rating." If you're intrigued by FRBR's possibilities and what they could mean to resource sharing workflow, start talking. Now is the time to connect with colleagues, your local and/or consortial system vendor, RLG, OCLC, and your professional organizations. Have input into how systems develop in the FRBR world."

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Abstract

The history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings is traced, from its beginnings with the implementation of a dictionary catalog at the Library of Congress in 1898 to the present day. The author describes the most significant changes which have occurred in LCSH policies and practices during the 100-year period. Events noted near the end of the century indicate an increased willingness on the part of' the Library of Congress to involve the larger library community in the creation or revision of subject headings and other decision-making regarding the LCSH system. Finally, the author provides a summary of the other contributions to this collection of essays, a collection which celebrates the "centennial" of the world's most popular library subject heading language

Content

Mit einer Publikationsgeschichte der LCSH (vgl. Tabellen) und dazu gehörenden Publikationen

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

Surveys conducted during the last four years under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Associations and Organizations (IFLA) reveal that the Library of Congress Subject Headings is heavily used in national libraries outside of the United States, particularly in English-speaking countries. Many other countries report using a translation or adaptation of LCSH as their principal subject heading language. Magda Heiner-Freiling presents an analysis of the IFLA data, which also includes information on the classification schemes used by the libraries and whether or not the libraries have produced a manual on the creation and application of subject headings. The paper concludes with an Appendix showing the complete data from the 88 national libraries that respond to the surveys

Content

Mit einer tabellarischen Übersicht der eingesetzten Systeme und Regeln

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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LCSH

Subject headings / Terminology

Subject

Subject headings / Terminology

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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LCSH

Form headings
Subject headings / Literary form
Subject headings / Literature
Subject headings / Motion pictures
Subject headings / Television programs

Subject

Form headings
Subject headings / Literary form
Subject headings / Literature
Subject headings / Motion pictures
Subject headings / Television programs

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Abstract

Im Jahr 1898 begann die Library of Congress mit der Arbeit an einem Schlagwortkatalog - die Geburtsstunde der 'Library of Congress subject headings' (LCSH). Heute stellen die LCSH das zentrale Werkzeug zur verbalen inhaltlichen Erschließung in der gesamten angloamerikanischen Welt dar. Auch die Kritik an diesem Erschließungssystem hat eine lange Geschichte: Sie lässt sich bis in die Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts zurückverfolgen und betraf im Lauf der Zeit recht unterschiedliche Aspekte. Neu an der Debatte der letzten Jahre ist, dass die Struktur der LCSH ganz grundsätzlich in Frage gestellt wird. Eine Projektgruppe der Bibliothek der University of California etwa urteilte 2005: "LCSH's complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by requiring highly skilled personnel and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control." In einer für die Library of Congress erstellten Expertise mit dem Titel 'On the record' von 2008 heißt es: "LCSH suffers (...) from a structure that is cumbersome from both administrative and automation points of view". Es wird empfohlen, die LCSH in ein flexibleres Werkzeug zu verwandeln: "Transform LCSH into a tool that provides a more flexible means to create and modify subject authority data." Dies beinhaltet zum einen ein "de-coupling of subject strings", also eine 'Entkoppelung' der fest zusammengefügten (präkombinierten) Eintragungen, und zum anderen die Möglichkeit, das LCSH-Vokabular für "faceted browsing and discovery" nutzbar zu machen . Besonders drastische Worte wurden 2006 im sogenannten 'Calhoun Report' gefunden - einem Papier, das mit seinen radikalen Thesen in der amerikanischen Bibliothekswelt viel Aufsehen erregte: Man müsse die Library of Congress dazu bringen, die LCSH zu 'zerschlagen' ("urge LC to dismantle LCSH") - ja, sie gar zu 'eliminieren' ("eliminate LCSH").

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Abstract

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and a review of the lists of subject headings in this language reveals numerous efforts over a period of time, usually involving some form of collaboration, but largely isolated from each other. Technological developments suggest that a greater degree of cooperation is now possible and would be beneficial to the international library community if other barriers can be surmounted. The lcsh-es.org project demonstrates this concept in a practical way and suggest a new model for international cooperation in authority control. The site may be accessed at http://lcsh-es.org.

Content

Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada. Vgl. auch: http://www.ibiblio.org/fred2.0/wordpress/?p=20 (mit Grafik der Beziehung zwischen 'mammal' und 'doorbell')

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Abstract

Beim DIMDI erhalten Sie ab sofort die aktuelle deutsche Übersetzung des Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2006 der National Library of Medicine (NLM). Auf Anfrage liefern wir die neue Version 11.0 (Stand 2006) als kostenpflichtige XML-Datei auf CD-ROM. Gegenüber 2005 enthält derThesaurus 933 neue Deskriptoren. Andere wurden nach der aktuellen Terminologie umbenannt, obsolete Benennungen entfielen ganz. Da jede Deskriptorklasse in Konzepte und Unterkonzepte mit zugehörigen Begriffen unterteilt ist, beträgt die tatsächliche Zahl neuer Bezeichnungen etwa das Fünffache. Der laufend weiterentwickelte Thesaurus umfasst jetzt 23.880 Hauptschlagwörter (Main Headings). Zum Vergleich: vor zehn Jahren gab die NLM erst 18.436 Deskriptoren an. Zuwachs verzeichnet vor allem die Kategorie Chemische Substanzen, Drogen und Arzneimittel mit 684 neuen Schlagwörtern. Zahlreiche neue Begriffe enthalten auch die Kategorien Organismen, Krankheiten, Biowissenschaften, Anatomie sowie Analytische, diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahren und Geräte. Neue Deskriptoren sind beispielsweise Kalziumaktivierte Kaliumkanäle mit großer Leitfähigkeit, Tritonia-Meeresschnecke, Mesangiumzellen oder Bariatrische Chirurgie. Das DIMDI übersetzt den MeSH in enger Anlehnung an die amerikanische Vorlage und ist offizieller Herausgeber der deutschen Version (inkl. Urheberrechte). Der Thesaurus ist Bestandteil des UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) der NLM. Übersetzungen liegen auch in Finnisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Portugiesisch, Russisch und Spanisch vor.

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Abstract

Das CrissCross-Projekt verfolgt die Zielsetzung, ein erweitertes multilinguales und thesaurusbasiertes Registervokabular zur Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC Deutsch) zu erstellen, das als Recherchevokabulars zu heterogen erschlossenen Dokumenten verwendet werden kann und soll damit die Ausgangsbedingungen für die Gestaltung von OPAC-Retrievalumgebungen verbessern helfen. Im einzelnen soll jedes Sachschlagwort der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) eine DDC-Notation erhalten und es sollen die im Projekt MACS begonnen Arbeiten fortgesetzt werden, Links zwischen den Schlagwörtern der SWD, den Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) und dem Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifé (Rameau) herzustellen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Vorschlag gemacht, die Zielsetzung des Projektes darin zu sehen, eine Kern-Ontologie mit universalen Relationen als Klassifikation zu benutzen und die beteiligten Normdateien als zugeordnete semantische Netze zu entwickeln, indem nicht-generische Relationen die Aufgabe der durch die Lokalisierung gestellten Anforderungen übernehmen. Generische Relationen im bekannten Thesaurussinn sind für derartige semantische Netze nicht mehr erforderlich, da sie sich aus den generischen Beziehungen der Kern-Ontologie vererben.

Series

Schriften der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare (VÖB); Bd. 2

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Abstract

Diese Einführung in die Grundlagen der Dokumentation und des Information Retrieval, d.h. des Wiederauffindens von Information zu thematisch-inhaltlichen Fragen, entstand auf der Basis langjähriger Lehrerfahrung. Die sowohl theoretisch fundierte als auch praxisorientierte Darstellung der Daten-, Literatur- und Faktendokumentation enthält neben zahlreichen Übungen einen Beispiel-Thesaurus, die Besprechung realer Ordnungs- und Retrievalsysteme sowie ca. 200 Prüfungsfragen mit Antworten. Das Buch ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Ausbildung von Dokumentaren, Bibliothekaren und Archivaren. Das Thema gewinnt aber auch an Bedeutung für Wissenschaftler aller Fachrichtungen. Das Buch ist in seiner systematischen Darstellung und didaktischen Aufbereitung einzigartig. Durch sein ausführliches Sachwortregister eignet es sich auch als Nachschlagewerk. In der vorliegenden vierten Auflage werden insbesondere Entwicklungen im Bereich des Internets und der Informationssysteme berücksichtigt.

Content

Zweck und Grundzüge der Dokumentation.- Begriff und Wesen der Information.- Dateien und Informationsspeicher.Referate.- Ordnungsprinzip Klassifikation.- Hierarchische Begriffsstrukturen.- Alphabetisches Sortieren und systematisches Anordnen.- Die Klassfikationen ICD-10 und ICPM.- Ordnungsprinzip Register.- Beispiel einer Dokumentation mit Registern.- Ordnungsprinzip Fassettenklassifikation.- Ordnungsprinzip Begriffskombination.- Struktur eines Ordnungssystems.Beispielthesaurus Gebäude.- Ordnungssystem Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).- Verbindungs-, Funktions-, Zeit- und Sprachdeskriptoren.- Dokumenten-Deskriptoren-Matrix.Relevanz- und Vollzähligkeitsrate.- Recherchieren und Suchstrategien.- Dokumentations- und Retrievalsysteme.Aktive Informationsdienste.- Revision eines Ordnungssystems.

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Abstract

In its overall function as the archive of all German-language publications, the German National Library also collects and catalogues German-language literary works. Belles-lettres as well as children's and youth literature form a considerable part of the library's collection. From 1913 until 1990, the titles were assigned subject headings, were filed in the library's card subject catalogue according to genres and languages and (within these categories) were further divided into formal aspects, themes and motifs. The subject indexing of belles-lettres and children's and youth literature is unique in its scope and depth.

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Abstract

Many kinds of structure can be discerned in the headings and rules governing the Library of Congress Subject Headings. By addressing these structures at different levels, librarians can develop different approaches to the machine-assisted validation of subject headings, from the checking of individual words to the validation of complex forms of heading/subdivision compatibility. Using computer programs to assist with maintenance of subject headings is becoming increasingly necessary as technical services librarians strive to create consistent and useful patterns of subject collocation in library catalogs

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

This paper focuses on meaning as the core concern and challenge of interoperability in a multilingual context. Korean subject headings, presently translated from English, crystallize issues attached to the semantics of translation in at least two languages (Korean, with written Chinese, and English). Presenting a model microcosm, which explains grammatical and semantic characteristics, and allows a search for equivalence of headings that have the closest approximation of semantic ranges, the study concludes the necessary conditions for linking multilingual subject headings and suggests an interoperable model for the transfer of meaning of headings across languages and cultures.

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Abstract

This paper presents a study that assessed the feasibility of applying the approach of the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST), an initiative of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), to records in the Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.? The goal is to determine whether a simplified application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), as illustrated by FAST, would benefit the Ulrich's system. This feasibility study found that although a few problems were encountered in the process, overall the FAST database was useful for converting Ulrich's subject headings into FAST headings.

Object

Ulrich's subject headings

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BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 58(2007) H.1, S.59-60 (J. Fassbender) mit Berücksichtigung der Software Thesaurus Master.

LCSH

Subject headings / Information science
Subject headings / Information technology
Subject headings / Library science

Subject

Subject headings / Information science
Subject headings / Information technology
Subject headings / Library science

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Abstract

Dokumentation und Information Retrieval, also das gezielte Wiederauffinden von Informationen zu thematisch-inhaltlichen Fragestellungen sind wichtiger als je zuvor. Die hier vorliegende theoretisch fundierte und praxisorientierte Darstellung der Literatur-, Daten- und Faktendokumentation enthält viele instruktive Beispiele und praktische Übungen sowie einen umfassenden Beispielthesaurus und behandelt ausführlich Ordnungs- und Retrievalsysteme. Jedes Thema wird mit zahlreichen Prüfungsfragen abgeschlossen. Die detaillierten Antworten zu den insgesamt 195 Fragen umfassen alleine etwa 60 Seiten, Dieses Lehrbuch ist in seiner systematischen Darstellung und didaktischen Aufbereitung einzigartig. Durch sein ausführliches Sachwortregister eignet es sich auch als Nachschlagewerk. Die fünfte Auflage ist aktualisiert und erweitert worden.

Classification

AN 93200 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Ordnungslehre, Systematik
AN 95000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Bibliographische Erfassung, Suchpraxis

Content

Aus dem Inhalt: - Zweck und Grundzüge der Dokumentation - Begriff und Wesen der Information - Dateien und Informationsspeicher - Referate - Ordnungsprinzip Klassifikation - Hierarchische Begriffsstrukturen - Alphabetisches Sortieren und systematisches Anordnen - Die Klassifikationen ICD-10 und ICPM - Ordnungsprinzip Register - Beispiel einer Dokumentation mit Registern - Ordnungsprinzip Fassettenklassifikation - Ordnungsprinzip Begriffskombination - Struktur eines Ordnungssystems - Beispielthesaurus Gebäude - Ordnungssystem Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) - Verbindungs-, Funktions-, Zeit- und Sprachdeskriptoren - Dokumenten-Deskriptoren-Matrix - Relevanz- und Vollzähligkeitsrate - Recherchieren und Suchstrategien - Dokumentations- und Retrievalsysteme - Aktive Informationsdienste - Revision eines Ordnungssystems.

RVK

AN 93200 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Grundlagen, Theorie / Ordnungslehre, Systematik
AN 95000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationspraxis / Bibliographische Erfassung, Suchpraxis

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Swedish subject headings

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Abstract

Library of Congress Subjecl Headings retrieved as the results of a search in an online catalog are likely to be filed in straight alphabetical, word-by-word order, ignoring the semantic structures of these headings and scattering headings of a similar type. This practice makes LC headings unnecessarily difficult to use and negates much of their indexing power. Enthusiasm for filing simplicity and postcoordinate indexing are likely contributing factors to this phenomenon. Since the report Headings for Tomorrow (1992) first raised this issue, filing practices favoring postcoordination over precoordination appear to have become more widespread and more entrenched

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T. Stone

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Content

Vorgänger: 'List of Subject Headings for small libraries, compiled from lists used in nine representative small libraries', Ed.: M.E. Sears. - 1st ed. 1923. - 2nd ed. 1926. - 3rd ed. 1933. - 4th ed. 1939, Ed.: I.S. Monro. - 5th ed. 1944: 'Sears List of Subject Headings', Ed. I. S. Monro. - 6th ed. 1950, Ed.: B.M. Frick. - 7th ed. 1954 - 8th ed. 1959. - 'List of Subject Headings'. - 9th. ed. 1965, Ed.: B.M. Westby. - 10th ed. 1972. - 11th ed. 1977. - 12th ed. 1982. - 13th ed. 1986, Ed.: C. Rovira u. C. Reyes. - 14th ed. 1991. Ed. M.T. Mooney. - 15th ed. 1994, Ed.: J. Miller - 16th ed. 1997, Ed.: J. Miller

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings