Search (1975 results, page 2 of 99)

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Abstract

The Swedish Library Association's Fiction Indexing Committee was founded in 2005. The subject headings consist of two separate lists, subject headings of fiction for children and subject headings of fiction for adults. The Committee consists of librarians working at different types of libraries and at BTJ, a bibliographic agency. This enables the development of a standard for indexing fiction that is useful to different libraries and institutions. Cooperation means that the lists will be deployed in a consistent way. The participation of a bibliographic agency ensures a wide implementation in the catalogs of public libraries and school libraries.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 38(2011) no.4, S.360-361 (M.P. Satija): "The 20th edition of the celebrated Sears List (1sted.1923) published in June 2010 sets a new cycle of three year revision. Earlier it was three and a half years to synchronize with the publication of the new edition of the Abridged Dewey revised after every seven years. In the days of constantly updated WebDewey, it is no more a constraint. For the first time Sears List has been released simultaneously in online database format accessible to licensed subscribers. Responding to the environmental changes the basic edition is the online one whose content is designed in MARC authority. Print edition is now a derivative of the MARC data. The editors keep tabs on the changing information seeking behavior of users and how OPACs are accessed; yet the editors or the publishers never discuss the mechanisms of designing a new edition. The new edition features more than 300 new subject headings suggested by librarians from different types of libraries, vendors of bibliographic records, indexers and subject specialists at the H.W. Wilson Company. Every new edition incorporates advances in vocabulary control, changing approaches of library users for subject access and even in the worldwide use of the English language. Each edition of the Sears List strengthens and continues the policies and consolidates the reforms that began with the 15th edition (1994). It is indeed an era of innovations in Sears. The latest knowledge from information science and information seeking behavior has been deployed to modernize the internal structure and grammar of the Sears List. Continuing adaptation constitutes the key to its success and popularity in the shifting sands of the information-seeking behavior of users. But the List is still a living manifestation of the principles of subject cataloguing put forth by C.A. Cutter (1837-1903).
. . . To summarize, as usual the List continues to provide complete guidance for the subject cataloguers for the maintenance of catalogues, for addition of new headings, and revision of the old ones. Its Introduction is clear and well illustrated, so much so that not only it is an illustrated operational manual to the Sears but also a concise textbook to teach principles and theory of the subject headings. Due to its affordable price and portability it is used to teach basics of subject headings in first year of Knowledge Organization courses. It also acts as an excellent and easy index to the DDC (Weihs 2004). The new edition should be welcome both for subject cataloguers and for teachers of subject cataloguing work."

LCSH

Subject headings

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

Subject

Subject headings

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Abstract

In 2015, the Cataloging and Metadata Services department of Rice University's Fondren Library developed a process to reconcile four years of authority headings against an internally developed thesaurus. With a goal of immediate cleanup as well as an ongoing maintenance procedure, staff developed a "hack" of OpenRefine's normal Reconciliation function that ultimately yielded 99.6% authority reconciliation and a stable process for monthly data verification.

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Abstract

Unter dem Motto »Fachtagung für innovative Bibliothekare« hat am 24. und 25. November 2009 in Köln erstmals die Veranstaltung »Semantic Web in Bibliotheken - SWIB09« stattgefunden. Die international besetzte Tagung wurde vom Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz) und der Deutschen Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften (ZBW) gemeinsam ausgerichtet, um Bibliotheken das »Semantic Web« näher zu bringen. Die aus Platzgründen auf rund 100 am ersten Tag und 60 am zweiten Tag begrenzten Teilnehmerplätze waren rasch ausgebucht. Während der erste Tag eine Einführung und erste Anwendungsbeispiele bot, die das Potenzial von Semantic Web-Anwendungen zeigten, vermittelte der zweite Tag anhand praxisnaher Beispiele Anforderungen und Lösungsszenarien für Bibliotheken.

Content

"In seinem Einführungsvortrag skizzierte Jakob Voß, Software-Entwickler bei der Verbundzentrale (VZG), anhand von herkömmlichen bibliothekarischen Katalogeinträgen den für das Semantic Web typischen Wandel weg von einem Web vernetzter Dokumente hin zu einem Web vernetzter Daten. Die Nutzung vorhandener Standards sollte diesen Wandel begleiten. Einen dieser Standards könnte die »Bibliographic Ontology« (bibo) darstellen, die auf existierenden Ontologien wie Dublin Core basiert und die Voß in einem weiteren Vortrag vorstellte. Dabei warf er die provozierende Frage auf, ob die bibo die Nachfolge bibliografischer Datenformate antreten werde. Lars G. Svensson, IT-Manager an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB), stellte hingegen nicht bibo, sondern «Resource Description and Access« (RDA) ins Zentrum der DNB-Planungen. »Fünf gute Gründe«, warum sich kulturelle Einrichtungen mit dem Semantic Web beschäftigen sollten, benannte Professor Stefan Gradmann, Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Wissensmanagement an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Die Beschäftigung sei unter anderem erforderlich, damit diese Einrichtungen zukünftig überhaupt noch wahrgenommen werden. Andererseits könnten sie durch die Verknüpfung von bibliothekarischen Meta-daten und Kontextdaten (wie Personennormdaten) einen spezifischen Beitrag zum Semantic Web leisten.
Auch Bernhard Haslhofer, Assistent am Lehrgebiet für Verteilte Multimediasysteme an der Universität Wien, sieht ein großes Potenzial darin, klassische Mechanismen der Informationsorganisation durch Bibliotheken als »Linked Open Data« in das Semantic Web einzubringen. Sie könnten möglicherweise sogar Baustein einer freien und community-getriebenen Alternative zu konzerngetriebenen Anwendungen wie Google Books sein. Voraussetzung sei allerdings, dass Bibliotheken nicht an ihren Datenbeständen in Form geschlossener Datensilos festhalten. Dazu passte das leidenschaftliche Plädoyer für Free Data von Patrick Danowski, Emerging Technologies Librarian am CERN: Die ganze Mächtigkeit seiner Netzwerkeffekte könne Linked Data nur entfalten, wenn die Daten unter einer freien Lizenz veröffentlicht werden, wobei Danowski für eine Bereitstellung als »public domain« plädiert. Mehrere Beiträge zeigten, dass mit Linked Data mittlerweile eine geeignete Technologie vorliegt, um das Semantic Web für Bibliotheken Wirklichkeit werden zu lassen. Ed Summers, Software-Entwickler bei der Library of Congress (LoC) und zuständig für einen der bislang größten Linked Data-Bestände aus Bibliotheken, die LoC Subject Headings, verwies in seinem Vortrag auf die vielfältigen Verknüpfungsmöglichkeiten und Anwendungen von Linked Data. So können Schlagworte aus verschiedenen Vokabularen in Beziehung gesetzt werden und Presseartikel mit »Flickr«Bildern und Geokoordinaten verknüpft werden, die das Ereignis bebildern beziehungsweise räumlich verorten.
Moderne Web-Anwendungen Wie ein klassischer Bibliothekskatalog in eine moderne Web-Anwendung und in Linked Open Data überführt werden kann, berichtete Anders Söderbäck von der Schwedischen Nationalbibliothek. Unter dem Thema »Linked Applications« entwarf Felix Ostrowski, IT-Entwickler beim hbz, eine tiefe Integration von Ontologien direkt in die verwendete Programmiersprache am Beispiel von Repository Software. Andre Hagenbruch, Mitarbeiter der Universitätsbibliothek Bochum, stellte ein Projekt für ein Linked Data-basiertes Bibliotheksportal vor, das neben bibliografischen Daten auch administrative Informationen wie Personaldaten oder Öffnungszeiten integrieren soll. Interessante Einblicke bot Jürgen Kett von der DNB zur hauseigenen Linked Data-Strategie. Dazu gehört die Veröffentlichung der Personennamendatei (PND) zwecks kostenfreier Weiterverwendung durch andere Bibliotheken. In einem weiteren Vortrag gingen Kett und sein Kollege Svensson auf Details ihres aktuellen Linked Data-Projekts ein, das in einer ersten Stufe URI- und SPARQL-Zugriff auf die SWDund PND-Datensets sowie ihre Verknüpfungen zu internationalen Normdatenbeständen ermöglichen soll. Ein Beta-Dienst soll bis Mitte 2010 online gehen. Timo Borst, Leiter der IT-Entwicklung der ZBW, griff dies auf und demonstrierte die Integration von Thesaurus-und Personennormdaten in den ZBW-Dokumentenserver. Als technischer Zugangspunkt für Linked Data wurde dabei auch ein experimenteller SPARQLEndpoint der DNB genutzt, dessen Abfrage eine automatische Vorschlagsfunktion für PND-Einträge ermöglicht. Praktische Erfahrungen aus den Linked Data-Projekten der ZBW fasste Joachim Neubert, IT-Entwickler bei der ZBW, zusammen, verbunden mit Hinweisen zu Tools, Communities und Best Practice-Beispielen im Web.
Einen Einblick in Ontologien, die eine wesentliche Säule des Semantic Web bilden, ihren Zusammenhang mit natürlicher Sprache und ihre Nutzungsmöglichkeiten gab Elena Semanova, Forscherin und selbstständige Ontologie-Expertin. Aus dem Museumsbereich stellte Karin Teichmann (Leiterin der Grafischen Sammlung im Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseum der DNB) das als ISO-Standard vorliegende »CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model« vor, das unterschiedlich strukturierte Informationen durch ein übergreifendes Meta-Modell zusammenführen kann. Professor Stefan Gradmann und Marlies Olensky, Forscherin an der HU Berlin, präsentierten die semantische Datenschicht der Europeana, die den W3C-Standard SKOS und Linked Data nutzt, um Benutzeranfragen, Browsing und Ergebnispräsentation zu unterstützen. Über die umfassenden Linked Data-Aktivitäten innerhalb der DBPedia, einer Semantic Web-Version der Wikipedia, berichtete Anja Jentzsch, Forscherin an der Freien Universität Berlin. Neben der Infrastruktur für Linked Data veranschaulichte sie die Integration von DBPediaDaten in Browser-, Such- und Portaloberflächen. Eine von Jürgen Kett moderierte Abschlussrunde sammelte Stichpunkte zur Frage »Wie geht es weiter?« Um den Austausch fortzuführen, wurde unter anderem eine Kommunikationsplattform vorgeschlagen, die im Umfeld der Semantic Web-Aktivitäten des W3C angesiedelt ist. Allgemein war der Wunsch nach einer Neuauflage der Tagung in 2010 zu hören."

Footnote

Das Programm der Tagung, Abstracts und Vorträge sind online unter www.swib09.de.

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Abstract

The German subject headings authority file - SWD - provides a terminologically controlled vocabulary, covering all fields of knowledge. The subject headings are determined by the German Rules for the Subject Catalogue. The authority file is produced and updated daily by participating libraries from around Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Over the last twenty years, it grew to an online-accessible database with about 550.000 headings. They are linked to other thesauri, also to French and English equivalents and with notations of the Dewey Decimal Classification. Thus, it allows multilingual access and searching in dispersed, heterogeneously indexed catalogues. The vocabulary is not only used for cataloguing library materials, but also web-resources and objects in archives and museums.

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Abstract

This study aims to find a method to change Korean bibliographic records into the FRBR structure. It also intends to verify that this conversion is possible without main entry or uniform headings because there is no rule for choice and form of the main headings in the current Korean Cataloging Rules. In this paper, we reviewed the role of identifiers and role indicators for FRBRizing. Also, we analysed the characteristics of the Korean cataloging environment, focusing on the bibliographic records and authority records based on the current cataloging rules. As a result, we suggested the methodology for FRBRizing Korean bibliographical records by the combination of identifiers and role indicators. Although there is not much information about global identifiers or relator codes in bibliographic records based on the KORMARC at present, the FRBRizing method using identifiers and role indicators would be more effective for the global and networked information environment than the method using main entry or uniform headings.

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Abstract

Academic libraries have moved toward providing social networking features, such as tagging, in their library catalogs. To explore whether user tags can enhance access to individual literary works, the author obtained a sample of individual works of English and American literature from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries from a large academic library catalog and searched them in LibraryThing. The author compared match rates, the availability of subject headings and tags across various literary forms, and the terminology used in tags versus controlled-vocabulary headings on a subset of records. In addition, she evaluated the usefulness of available LibraryThing tags for the library catalog records that lacked subject headings. Options for utilizing the subject terms available in sources outside the local catalog also are discussed.

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Abstract

Social tagging or collaborative tagging has become a new trend in the organization, management, and discovery of digital information. The rapid growth of shared information mostly controlled by social tags poses a new challenge for social tag-based information organization and retrieval. A plausible approach for this challenge is linking social tags to a controlled vocabulary. As an introductory step for this approach, this study investigates ways of predicting relevant subject headings for resources from social tags assigned to the resources. The prediction of subject headings was measured by five different similarity measures: tf-idf, cosine-based similarity (CoS), Jaccard similarity (or Jaccard coefficient; JS), Mutual information (MI), and information radius (IRad). Their results were compared to those by professionals. The results show that a CoS measure based on top five social tags was most effective. Inclusions of more social tags only aggravate the performance. The performance of JS is comparable to the performance of CoS while tf-idf is comparable with up to 70% less than the best performance. MI and IRad have inferior performance compared to the other methods. This study demonstrates the application of the similarity measuring techniques to the prediction of correct Library of Congress subject headings.

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Abstract

This paper discusses goals, methods and benefits of the conceptual mapping approach conducted within the CrissCross project, where topical headings of the German subject headings authority file Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) are being mapped to notations of the Dewey Decimal Classification. Project-specific retrieval concepts for improving thematic access in heterogeneous information spaces are outlined and explained on the basis of significant examples.

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Abstract

In this paper we argue that the broader definition of classification offered by sociologistsand by Geoffrey Bowker and Susan Leigh Star addresses pertinentknowledge organization processes that we can use to investigate the moral, scientific, and aesthetic implications of different kinds of knowledge organization systems. We do so by systematically investigating the organization of the violence against women research literature by medical, allied health, and social sciences bibliographic databases and in particular by the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Our findings indicate that underlying these knowledge organization systems are certain discourses on violence against women that may reinforce a gender-neutral understanding of violence.

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Abstract

The paper examines whether subject headings in a bibliographic description could be used to direct users to relevant archival sources: a publication about a subject is likely to cite archival sources that are related to the subject. In the light of the data collected for the paper this approach might work in case of some keywords. However, there are also problems, like finding the optimal level the user should be directed to in the archival hierarchy, and the lack of information in archival persistent identifiers (PIDs).

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Abstract

The German subject headings authority file (Schlagwortnormdatei/SWD) provides a broad controlled vocabulary for indexing documents of all subjects. Traditionally used for intellectual subject cataloguing primarily of books the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB, German National Library) has been working on developping and implementing procedures for automated assignment of subject headings for online publications. This project, its results and problems are sketched in the paper.

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Abstract

Subject searches in the National Library of Poland catalog are still comprised of a significant number of all searches, but understanding and exploration of the National Library of Poland Subject Headings causes many problems, not only for the end-users, but also for many librarians. Another problem in the National Library of Poland is the insufficient use of relationships between the terms. The solution could be a properly designed Web application based on a topic map using appropriate visualization that supports indexing and information retrieval in the National Library of Poland. The article presents the main stages of a planned project.

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LCSH

FRSAD (Conceptual model) / Subject headings

Subject

FRSAD (Conceptual model) / Subject headings

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Abstract

This research concerns the frequency of the assignment of author-supplied keyword strings and cataloger supplied subject heading strings within a library catalog. The results reveal that, on average, more author-assigned keywords and more cataloger-assigned Library of Congress Subject Headings were assigned to works emerging from the arts & humanities than to works emerging from the social sciences and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. STEM disciplines in particular received a lower amount of topical metadata, in part because of the under-assignment of name/title, geographical, and corporate subject headings. These findings reveal how librarians could increase their understanding of how topical access is functioning within academic disciplines.

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Abstract

The Association for Manitoba Archives has created a database where members can deposit archival descriptions to provide a central search for users. Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) were chosen as the controlled subject vocabulary to use in the descriptions, but changes were made to LCSH to better describe material about or by Indigenous peoples. Examples include: the word "Indian"; geographic place embedded in terms such as "Indians of North America"; changes related to Manitoba peoples specifically; and miscellaneous changes not part of a larger pattern. New terms were also added.

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Abstract

Music catalogers have embraced in current cataloging the flexibility, intuitiveness, and expressivity afforded by the Library of Congress's new faceted vocabularies. In order to realize the full benefits to discovery these vocabularies offer, however, methods for programmatically assigning faceted terms retrospectively to existing metadata for music resources are required in order to mitigate the costs of manual enhancement of legacy data. This article describes efforts to repurpose existing Library of Congress Subject Headings as faceted data, taking advantage of recent developments in the MARC 21 formats. Limitations inherent to this process and ideas for future directions are described.

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Abstract

This article describes multiple experiments in text mining at Northern Illinois University that were undertaken to improve the efficiency and accuracy of cataloging. It focuses narrowly on subject analysis of dime novels, a format of inexpensive fiction that was popular in the United States between 1860 and 1915. NIU holds more than 55,000 dime novels in its collections, which it is in the process of comprehensively digitizing. Classification, keyword extraction, named-entity recognition, clustering, and topic modeling are discussed as means of assigning subject headings to improve their discoverability by researchers and to increase the productivity of digitization workflows.

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LCSH

Subject headings / Cultural property
Subject headings / Art
Subject headings / Architecture

Subject

Subject headings / Cultural property
Subject headings / Art
Subject headings / Architecture

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Abstract

Relationships between terms and features are an essential component of thesauri, ontologies, and a range of controlled vocabularies. In this article, we describe ways to identify important concepts in documents using the relationships in a thesaurus or other vocabulary structures. We introduce a methodology for the analysis and modeling of the indexing process based on a weighted random walk algorithm. The primary goal of this research is the analysis of the contribution of thesaurus structure to the indexing process. The resulting models are evaluated in the context of automatic subject indexing using four collections of documents pre-indexed with 4 different thesauri (AGROVOC [UN Food and Agriculture Organization], high-energy physics taxonomy [HEP], National Agricultural Library Thesaurus [NALT], and medical subject headings [MeSH]). We also introduce a thesaurus-centric matching algorithm intended to improve the quality of candidate concepts. In all cases, the weighted random walk improves automatic indexing performance over matching alone with an increase in average precision (AP) of 9% for HEP, 11% for MeSH, 35% for NALT, and 37% for AGROVOC. The results of the analysis support our hypothesis that subject indexing is in part a browsing process, and that using the vocabulary and its structure in a thesaurus contributes to the indexing process. The amount that the vocabulary structure contributes was found to differ among the 4 thesauri, possibly due to the vocabulary used in the corresponding thesauri and the structural relationships between the terms. Each of the thesauri and the manual indexing associated with it is characterized using the methods developed here.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus