Search (1981 results, page 5 of 100)

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Abstract

We present a novel routine, namely medlineR, based on the R language, that allows the user to match data from Medline/PubMed with records indexed in the ISI Web of Science (WoS) database. The matching allows exploiting the rich and controlled vocabulary of medical subject headings (MeSH) of Medline/PubMed with additional fields of WoS. The integration provides data (e.g., citation data, list of cited reference, list of the addresses of authors' host organizations, WoS subject categories) to perform a variety of scientometric analyses. This brief communication describes medlineR, the method on which it relies, and the steps the user should follow to perform the matching across the two databases. To demonstrate the differences from Leydesdorff and Opthof (Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(5), 1076-1080), we conclude this artcle by testing the routine on the MeSH category "Burgada syndrome."

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Abstract

The paper presents experiences and challenges encountered during the planning and creation of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) authority database in the National and University Library in Zagreb, Croatia. The project started in 2014 with the objective of facilitating classification data management, improving the indexing consistency at the institutional level and the machine readability of data for eventual sharing and re-use in the Web environment. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of UDC, which is an analytico-synthetic classification scheme tending towards a more faceted structure, in regard to various aspects of authority control. This discussion represents the referential framework for the project. It determines the choice of elements to be included in the authority file, e.g. distinguishing between syntagmatic and paradigmatic combinations of subjects. It also determines the future lines of development, e.g. interlinking with the subject headings authority file in order to provide searching by verbal expressions.

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Abstract

This comprehensive annotated webliography describes online cataloging resources that are free to use, currently updated, and of high quality. The major aim of this webliography is to provide assistance for catalogers who are new to the profession, unfamiliar with cataloging specific formats, or unable to access costly print and subscription resources. The annotated resources include general websites and webpages, databases, workshop presentations, streaming media, and local documentation. The scope of the webliography is limited to resources reflecting traditional cataloging practices using the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition, RDA: Resource Description and Access, and MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards. Non-MARC metadata schemas like Dublin Core are not covered. Most components of cataloging are represented in this webliography, such as authority control, classification, subject headings, and genre terms. Guidance also is provided for cataloging miscellaneous formats including sound and videorecordings, streaming media, e-books, video games, graphic novels, kits, rare materials, maps, serials, realia, government documents, and music.

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Abstract

Indexing is contextualized and a brief description is provided of some of the most used automatic indexing systems. We describe SISA, a system which uses location heuristics rules, statistical rules like term frequency (TF) or TF-IDF to obtain automatic or semi-automatic indexing, depending on the user's preference. The aim of this research is to ascertain which rules (location heuristics rules or TF-IDF rules) provide the best indexing terms. SISA is used to obtain the automatic indexing of 200 scientific articles on fruit growing written in Portuguese. It uses, on the one hand, location heuristics rules founded on the value of certain parts of the articles for indexing such as titles, abstracts, keywords, headings, first paragraph, conclusions and references and, on the other, TF-IDF rules. The indexing is then evaluated to ascertain retrieval performance through recall, precision and f-measure. Automatic indexing of the articles with location heuristics rules provided the best results with the evaluation measures.

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Abstract

Although it is not yet known for certain what will replace MARC, eventually bibliographic data will need to be transformed to move into a linked data environment. This article discusses why the National Library of Medicine chose to add Uniform Resource Identifiers for Medical Subject Headings as our starting point and details the process by which they were added to the MeSH MARC authority records, the legacy bibliographic records, and the records for newly cataloged items. The article outlines the various enhancement methods available, decisions made, and the rationale for the selected method.

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Abstract

Vernetzung und Netzwerke finden sich allerorten, haben vielerlei Qualität und Materialität, erfüllen diverse Zwecke und Funktionen und konstituieren unterschiedliche Infrastrukturen, nicht nur kommunikativer und sozialer Art. Mit der Entwicklung und Verbreitung der Informationstechnik, der globalen Transport- und Vermittlungssysteme und endlich der anhaltenden Digitalisierung werden der Begriff und die damit bezeichnete Konnektivität omnipräsent und auf digitale Netze fokussiert, die im Internet als dem Netz der Netze seinen wichtigsten und folgenreichsten Prototypen findet. Dessen Entwicklung wird kompakt dargestellt. Die bereits vorhandenen und verfügbaren Anwendungsfelder sowie die künftigen (Industrie 4.0, Internet der Dinge) lassen revolutionäre Umbrüche in allen Segmenten der Gesellschaft erahnen, die von der nationalstaatlichen Gesetzgebung und Politik kaum mehr gesteuert und kontrolliert werden, neben unbestreitbar vielen Vorzügen und Verbesserungen aber auch Risiken und Benachteiligungen zeitigen können.

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Abstract

The paper discusses the importance of these initiatives in releasing as linked data the very large quantities of rich, professionally-generated metadata stored in formats based on these standards, such as UNIMARC and MARC21, addressing such issues as critical mass for semantic and statistical inferencing, integration with user- and machine-generated metadata, and authenticity, veracity and trust. The paper also discusses related initiatives to release controlled vocabularies, including the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), ISBD, Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), Rameau (French subject headings), Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), and the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) as linked data. Finally, the paper discusses the potential collective impact of these initiatives on metadata workflows and management systems.

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Content

Inhalt: Introduction -- Focusing on user needs :new ways of subject access in Czechia -- Subject analysis and indexing :an "Italian version" of the analytico-synthetic model -- Subject search in Italian OPACs :an opportunity in waiting? -- Semiautomatic merging of two universal thesauri :the case of Estonia -- 20 years SWD :German subject authority data prepared for the future -- Mixed translations of the DDC :design, usability, and implications for knowledge organization in multilingual environments -- Animals belonging to the emperor :enabling viewpoint warrant in classification -- Dewey in Sweden :leaving SAB after 87 years -- Enhancing information services using machine-to-machine terminology services -- Social bookmarking and subject indexing -- Social indexing at the Stockholm Public Library -- The Nuovo Soggettario Thesaurus :structural features and web application projects -- Jzyk Hasel Przedmiotowych Biblioteki Narodowej (National Library of Poland Subject Headings) :from card catalogs to Digital Library :some questions about the future of a Local Subject Heading Systems in the changing world of information retrieval -- FAST headings as tags for WorldCat

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Abstract

Hier und heute bezeichnen die Worte Freiheit und Sicherheit vor allem jene politischen Begriffe, die den rhetorischen Referenzrahmen im sicherheitspolitischen Koordinatensystem unserer westlichen Demokratien nach Innen und Außen abstecken. Legitimatorische und agitatorische Diskurse, Wahlkampfrhetorik und Parlamentsdebatten, Zivilgesellschaft und politische Administration bemühen regelmäßig und formelhaft Begriffe von Freiheit und Sicherheit für ihre jeweiligen Zwecke. Dabei werden die Begriffe oft in ein oppositionelles Verhältnis zueinander gesetzt: Mehr (z.B. innenpolitische) Sicherheit bedeutet dann weniger (z.B. persönliche) Freiheit, und umgekehrt. Oder Sicherheit wird zur Voraussetzung und Bedingung von Freiheit (z.B. in der "wehrhaften Demokratie"). Die operationalen Wurzeln dieser Begrifflichkeit in der Wahrnehmung, im Verhalten und Handeln gelangen dabei jedoch weit aus dem Blick. Welche initialen und konsolidierten Eindrücke, Einsichten und Erfahrungen sind es, auf die wir uns affektiv und rational mit diesen Begriffen beziehen? Wie fühlt sich Sicherheit an? Wie sieht Verhalten oder Handeln als Ausdruck von Freiheit aus? Kann man Freiheit spüren? Zu welcher Freiheit ist man überhaupt fähig? Wieviel Sicherheit ist für das Leben nötig? Welche operationalen Evidenzen bieten Wahrnehmung und Verhalten für die Begriffe der Sicherheit und Freiheit vor all ihren ideologischen Aufladungen, historischen Interpretationen und philosophischen Explikationen?

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Abstract

Die neue internationale Thesaurus-Norm ISO 25964-1 ersetzt die Normen ISO 2788 und ISO 5964. Ihr englischer Titel lautet "Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval". Die Norm umfasst ein- und mehrsprachige Thesauri und berück sichtigt die Notwendigkeit von Datenaustausch, Vernetzung und Interoperabilität. Zu den Inhalten gehören - Konstruktion ein- und mehrsprachiger Thesauri - Unterschied zwischen Begriff und Benennung und ihren Beziehungen - Facettenanalyse und Layout - Einsatz von Thesauri in computergestützten und vernetzten Systemen - Management und Pflege von Thesauri - Richtlinien für Thesaurusmanagement-Software - Datenmodell für ein- und mehrsprachige Thesauri - Empfehlungen

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 63(2012) H.2, S.122-123

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Der neue Erschliessungsstandard RDA beschäftigt aktuell unzählige Arbeitsgruppen und Einzelpersonen aus verschiedenen Ländern. Dabei geht es vor allem um die Anpassung einzelner Regeln und Konzepte an lokale Gegebenheiten und spezifische Medientypen. Das erklärte Ziel, den Standard auch für nicht-bibliothekarische Communities attraktiv zu machen, stand jedoch bislang im Hintergrund. Es ist unklar, ob und wie sich RDA beispielsweise in Archiven und Sondersammlungen anwenden lässt. Diese Bachelorarbeit widmet sich dieser Unsicherheit und untersucht die Möglichkeiten der Katalogisierung von ausgewählten archivalischen Ressourcen. Mittels einer Literaturanalyse werden die von Nutzern und Erschliessenden als essenziell erachteten Merkmale von Briefen und Fotografien erhoben und auf die Beschreibungsmöglichkeiten mit RDA hin untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Standard grundsätzlich aufgeschlossen gegenüber archivalischen und historischen Ressourcen ist und sich lediglich vereinzelte Anpassungen von Begriffslisten und An- wendungsregeln empfehlen. Entscheidende Fragestellungen, wie die Abbildung von Kontextualität und Hierarchien, müssen jedoch noch geklärt werden, um die Attraktivität des Standards für nicht-bibliothekarische Communities weiter zu verbessern.

Imprint

Chur : Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft

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Abstract

In 75 Normenausschüssen und Kommissionen mit 3 244 Arbeitsausschüssen werden kontinuierlich rund 8000 Norm-Projekte im DIN bearbeitet. 2500 Normen, Norm-Entwürfe und Vornormen werden jährlich fertiggestellt und veröffentlicht. Die Normenausschüsse verantworten die nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in ihren jeweiligen Fach- und Wissensgebieten und setzen sich für die Einführung der erarbeiteten Normen ein. Einer dieser Normenausschüsse ist der Normenausschuss Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen (NABD).

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Abstract

Es gab eine Zeit vor Google, die Karteikarten, Enzyklopädien, Adress- und Telefonbücher kannte. Es gab "Menschmedien", die als Suchmaschinen betrachtet werden können, wie Diener, "Zubringerinnen" und Hausmeister, und es gab Auskunftscomptoirs und Zeitungsausschnittsdienste. Der Beitrag möchte einige dieser Einrichtungen in Erinnerung rufen.

Content

Inhalt 1. Einleitung 2. Verzeichnisse von Büchern 3. Anordnung und Erschließung des Wissens 4. Datensammlungen in staatlichem und privatem Auftrag 5. Menschliche Informationseinrichtungen 6. Institutionen der Informationsvermittlung 7. Adressbücher und Personensuche 8. Schluss

Source

Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 64(2011) H.1, S.42-69

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of applying the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as an established knowledge organization system (KOS) for enhancing social tagging, with the ultimate purpose of improving subject indexing and information retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - Over 11.000 Intute metadata records in politics were used. Totally, 28 politics students were each given four tasks, in which a total of 60 resources were tagged in two different configurations, one with uncontrolled social tags only and another with uncontrolled social tags as well as suggestions from a controlled vocabulary. The controlled vocabulary was DDC comprising also mappings from the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Findings - The results demonstrate the importance of controlled vocabulary suggestions for indexing and retrieval: to help produce ideas of which tags to use, to make it easier to find focus for the tagging, to ensure consistency and to increase the number of access points in retrieval. The value and usefulness of the suggestions proved to be dependent on the quality of the suggestions, both as to conceptual relevance to the user and as to appropriateness of the terminology. Originality/value - No research has investigated the enhancement of social tagging with suggestions from the DDC, an established KOS, in a user trial, comparing social tagging only and social tagging enhanced with the suggestions. This paper is a final reflection on all aspects of the study.

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Abstract

The question of whether tags can be useful in the process of information retrieval was examined in this pilot study. Many tags are subject related and could work well as index terms or entry vocabulary; however, folksonomies also include relationships that are traditionally not included in controlled vocabularies including affective or time and task related tags and the user name of the tagger. Participants searched a social bookmarking tool, specialising in academic articles (CiteULike), and an online journal database (Pubmed) for articles relevant to a given information request. Screen capture software was used to collect participant actions and a semi-structured interview asked them to describe their search process. Preliminary results showed that participants did use tags in their search process, as a guide to searching and as hyperlinks to potentially useful articles. However, participants also used controlled vocabularies in the journal database to locate useful search terms and links to related articles supplied by Pubmed. Additionally, participants reported using user names of taggers and group names to help select resources by relevance. The inclusion of subjective and social information from the taggers is very different from the traditional objectivity of indexing and was reported as an asset by a number of participants. This study suggests that while users value social and subjective factors when searching, they also find utility in objective factors such as subject headings. Most importantly, users are interested in the ability of systems to connect them with related articles whether via subject access or other means.

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Abstract

To enable and guide effective metadata creation it is essential to understand the structure and patterns of the activities of the community around the photographs, resources used, and scale and quality of the socially created metadata relative to the metadata and knowledge already encoded in existing knowledge organization systems. This article presents an analysis of Flickr member discussions around the photographs of the Library of Congress photostream in Flickr. The article also reports on an analysis of the intrinsic and relational quality of the photostream tags relative to two knowledge organization systems: the Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (TGM) and the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Thirty seven percent of the original tag set and 15.3% of the preprocessed set (after the removal of tags with fewer than three characters and URLs) were invalid or misspelled terms. Nouns, named entity terms, and complex terms constituted approximately 77% of the preprocessed set. More than a half of the photostream tags were not found in the TGM and LCSH, and more than a quarter of those terms were regular nouns and noun phrases. This suggests that these terms could be complimentary to more traditional methods of indexing using controlled vocabularies.

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Abstract

Knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as vocabularies, thesauri and subject headings, contain a wealth of knowledge, collected by dedicated experts over long periods of time. these knowledge sources are potentially of high value to Web applications. To make this possible we need methods to publish these systems and subsequently clarify their relationships, also called "alignments'. In this talk Guus discusses methodological issues in publishing and aligning classification systems on the Web. With regards to publication of Web vocabularies he explains the basic principles for building a SKOS version of a vocabulary and illustrates this with examples. In particular, he discusses how one should prevent information loss, i.e. constructing a SKOS version that contains all information contained in the original vocabulary model. The talk also examines the role of RDF and OWL in this process. Web vocabularies derive much of their added value from the links they can provide to other vocabularies. He explains the process of vocabulary alignment, including the choice of alignment technique. Particular attention is paid to an evaluation of the process: how can one assess the quality of the resulting alignment? Human evaluators often play an important role in this process. Guus concludes by showing some examples of how aligned Web vocabularies can be used to create added value to applications.

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Abstract

The spread of many new media and formats is changing the scenario faced by knowledge organizers: as printed monographs are not the only standard form of knowledge carrier anymore, the traditional kind of knowledge organization (KO) systems based on academic disciplines is put into question. A sounder foundation can be provided by an analysis of the different dimensions concurring to form the content of any knowledge item-what Brian Vickery described as the steps "from the world to the classifier." The ultimate referents of documents are the phenomena of the real world, that can be ordered by ontology, the study of what exists. Phenomena coexist in subjects with the perspectives by which they are considered, pertaining to epistemology, and with the formal features of knowledge carriers, adding a further, pragmatic layer. All these dimensions can be accounted for in metadata, but are often done so in mixed ways, making indexes less rigorous and interoperable. For example, while facet analysis was originally developed for subject indexing, many "faceted" interfaces today mix subject facets with form facets, and schemes presented as "ontologies" for the "semantic Web" also code for non-semantic information. In bibliographic classifications, phenomena are often confused with the disciplines dealing with them, the latter being assumed to be the most useful starting point, for users will have either one or another perspective. A general citation order of dimensions- phenomena, perspective, carrier-is recommended, helping to concentrate most relevant information at the beginning of headings.