-
Vasiljev, A.: Thesaurus project of the Delft University of Technology Library : Allgemeiner Thesaurus für Bibliotheken (1982)
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- Abstract
- Discussion of the results and consequences of the automation project named thesaurus/concordance project, carried out at the DUT Library. The aim of the project was, by making the subject headings and their corresponding classification codes machine readable, to produce periodically cumulative lists, classifies lists, lists per subject fields, alphabetical lists of inverted subheadings and geographical names with their corresponding main headings and notations
- Source
- Numerische und nicht-numerische Klassifikation zwischen Theorie und Praxis. Proc. der 5. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Hofgeismar, 7.-10.4.1981. Hrsg.: Peter Ihm u.a
-
Lewandowski, D.: Zusammenarbeit von Google, Yahoo und Microsoft (2005)
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- Abstract
- Im Kampf gegen die Vermüllung ihrer Trefferlisten haben sich die Konkurrenten Google, Microsoft und Yahoo darauf geeinigt, ein neues Attribut für die Verlinkung von Webseiten auszuwerten. Dies könnte ein erster Schritt zu weniger Spam und einer weiteren Zusammenarbeit dergroßen Suchmaschinen sein.
- Content
- "Alle drei Suchmaschinen werden künftig das neue "Nofollow"-Attribut unterstützen. Dieses kennzeichnet, dass der damit ausgezeichnete Link nicht von Suchmaschinen verfolgt werden soll. Der Hintergrund dafür ist die automatisierte Vermüllung von Gästebüchern, Foren und Weblogs. Bisher werden solche Links ebenso in das Ranking mit einberechnet wie jeder andere Link auch. Die Links sind für die Suchmaschinen von großer Bedeutung, da sie als eine Stimme für eine Seite gezählt werden, d.h. es wird angenommen, dass ein Link eine Empfehlung für diejenige Seite ist, auf die verlinkt wird. Vereinfacht bedeutet dies, dass Suchmaschinen oftverlinkte Seiten auf höheren Rangplätzen zeigen als weniger verlinkte Seiten. Diese Berechnung wird durch automatisch erzeugte Links ad absurdum geführt. Um die Anzahl der Links auf ihre Seiten zu erhöhen, greifen Spammer immer mehr Foren, Gästebücher und Weblogs an und hinterlassen in diesen Hinweise auf ihre Seiten. Mit dem neuen Attribut ist es möglich, sämtliche Links beispielsweise in einem Gästebuch so auszuzeichnen, dass sie von den Suchmaschinen nicht mehr beachtet werden. Die Nicht-Beachtung äußert sich auf mehreren Ebenen: - Die Links werden von den Suchmaschinen nicht mehr verfolgt. Dies bedeutet, dass diejenigen Seiten, auf die verlinkt wird, unter Umständen nicht mehr in den Index der Suchmaschinen aufgenommen werden. Allerdings dürfte dieser Fall in der Praxis nur selten auftauchen, da von nahezu allen Seiten angenommen werden kann, dass sie auch auf konventionelle Weise verlinkt sind. - Die entsprechend ausgezeichneten Links werden nicht in die Kalkulation des Rankings mit einbezogen. Dadurch soll verhindert werden, dass die entsprechend verlinkten Seiten aufgrund ihrer vermeintlichen Popularität auf den vorderen Plätzen der Trefferlisten auftauchen. - Auch die Ankertexte, also der in den meisten Web-Browsern blau unterstrichene Text, wird bei diesen Links nicht ausgewertet Die Ankertexte dienen den Suchmaschinen, den Text der indexierten Dokumente durch weitere Wörter anzureichern, die das Dokument beschreiben, aber nur in externen Dokumenten vorkommen. Letztlich bedeutet das Setzen eines "Nofollow"-Attributs also nicht, dass die Zielseite schlecht beurteilt wird. Zumindest sehen dies die Suchmaschinen-Betreiber nicht vor. Um Links mit dem "Nofollow"-Attribut anzulegen, muss folgende Syntax verwendetwerden: <a href="http://www. server.de/seite.html" rel="nofollow">Ankertext</a>. Gegenüber anderen Links unterscheiden sich diese nur durch das hier hervorgehobene Attribut. Es erscheint wenig sinnvoll, manuell solche Links anzulegen. Sobald man aber den Besuchern einer Website erlaubt, selbst Inhalte mit Links anzulegen, ist der (automatisierte) Einsatz sinnvoll. Auch diese neue Initiative der großen Suchmaschinen wird die Spam-Flut in den Trefferlisten nicht verhindern, wohl aber ein wenig mindern. Bemerkenswert ist die Tatsache, dass die drei großen Suchmaschinen diesmal an einem Strang ziehen: Dies könnte als ein erster Schritt gesehen werden, dass die Suchmaschinen sich tatsächlich als Branche begreifen und die Notwendigkeit erkannt haben, gemeinsame Regeln und Standards zu schaffen. Bleibt die Frage, wieso die vierte der größeren (US-)Suchmaschinen, Ask Jeeves, nicht mit dabei ist. Diese lässt knapp verlauten, dass man in der eigenen Suchmaschine das Problem nicht in dem Maße hätte wie Google oder Yahoo. Man werde ein anderes Verfahren einsetzen, um die Wertigkeit von Links zu berechnen."
-
Stone, A.T.: ¬The LCSH century : a brief history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings, and introduction to the centennial essays (2000)
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- Abstract
- The history of the Library of Congress Subject Headings is traced, from its beginnings with the implementation of a dictionary catalog at the Library of Congress in 1898 to the present day. The author describes the most significant changes which have occurred in LCSH policies and practices during the 100-year period. Events noted near the end of the century indicate an increased willingness on the part of' the Library of Congress to involve the larger library community in the creation or revision of subject headings and other decision-making regarding the LCSH system. Finally, the author provides a summary of the other contributions to this collection of essays, a collection which celebrates the "centennial" of the world's most popular library subject heading language
- Content
- Mit einer Publikationsgeschichte der LCSH (vgl. Tabellen) und dazu gehörenden Publikationen
- Source
- The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone
-
Heiner-Freiling, M.: Survey on subject heading languages used in national libraries and bibliographies (2000)
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- Abstract
- Surveys conducted during the last four years under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Associations and Organizations (IFLA) reveal that the Library of Congress Subject Headings is heavily used in national libraries outside of the United States, particularly in English-speaking countries. Many other countries report using a translation or adaptation of LCSH as their principal subject heading language. Magda Heiner-Freiling presents an analysis of the IFLA data, which also includes information on the classification schemes used by the libraries and whether or not the libraries have produced a manual on the creation and application of subject headings. The paper concludes with an Appendix showing the complete data from the 88 national libraries that respond to the surveys
- Content
- Mit einer tabellarischen Übersicht der eingesetzten Systeme und Regeln
- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
- Source
- The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone
-
Aitchison, J.; Gilchrist, A.; Bawden, D.: Thesaurus construction and use : a practical manual (1997)
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- LCSH
- Subject headings / Terminology
- Subject
- Subject headings / Terminology
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Schneider, K.: Über den Musik-Thesaurus und die inhaltliche Erschliessung von Musik (1996)
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- Abstract
- Lecture given at the AIBM conference, Karlsruhe, Sep 95. The thesaurus appeared 1st in 1982, produced according to DIN standard 1463. This standard is largely adhered to, with 2 deviations: the controlled vocabulary is rather universal, covering more than 1 musical field, and descriptors are used as systematic collection points, with non-decriptors as subordinate headings. The 1994 edition has widened its contents range. There are still problems with ambiguity of headings and titles
-
Olderr, S.: Olderr's fiction subject headings : a supplement and guide to the LC thesaurus (1991)
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- Content
- Enthält in einem Appendix A: 'Guidelines on subject access to individual works of fiction, drama, etc.' des American Library Association Subject Analysis Committee; und in einem Appendix B die Verfahrensweise der Library of Congress bei der Zuteilung von Library of Congress Subject Headings zur Schönen Literatur
-
Aitchison, J.; Gilchrist, A.; Bawden, D.: Thesaurus construction and use : a practical manual (2000)
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- LCSH
- Subject headings / Terminology
- Subject
- Subject headings / Terminology
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Coates, E.J.: Subject catalogues : headings and structure (1960)
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- Classification
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
- RVK
- AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
-
Russell, M.A.: Inconsistencies in subject headings in young adult resources (1991)
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- Abstract
- Compares language-related subject headings used in 'Sears list of subject headings' and 'Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)'. Comments on the inconsistent application of subdivisions for the Spanish and French laguages and literature. Describes the results of a survey of student knowledge of subject headings
- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
-
Jahns, Y.; Karg, H.: Translingual retrieval : Moving between vocabularies - MACS 2010 (2011)
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- Abstract
- Within the multilingual framework of the CrissCross project, MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) has continued its work. MACS has developed a prototype of mappings between three vocabularies: the LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings), RAMEAU (Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié) and the SWD (Schlagwortnormdatei). A database with a Link Management System (LMI), which allows for an easy linking between English, French and German subject headings, was created. The database started working with headings from the disciplines sports and theatre, but by now headings from all other fields of knowledge have been included as well. In 2008-2010, equivalencies between English and French headings which had been produced by the Bibliothèque nationale de France have been completed with the most important German SWD topical terms. Thus, more than 50.000 trilingual links are now available and can be used in different retrieval scenarios. It is planned to use them in The European Library (TEL) in order to support multilingual searches over all European National Library collections. The article informs about the project workflow, methodology of mapping and future applications of MACS links.
- Series
- Bibliotheca Academica - Reihe Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften; Bd. 1
-
Studwell, W.E.: LC's head in the sand, or, why the Subject Cataloging Manual is not enough (1993)
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- Footnote
- Bezugnahme auf: 'Subject cataloging manual: subject headings. 4th ed. Washington 1991' und Vorläufer
-
Hunter, E.J.; Bakewell, K.G.B.: Cataloguing (1991)
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- Abstract
- Eine Einführung in der Probleme der Formal- und Inhaltserschließung
- Content
- Revised to take account of the 1988 revision of AACR2, the publication of new ISBD texts, the changed format of LC subject headings and progress in computer applications
-
Oberhauser, O.: Inhaltliche Erschließung im Verbund : Die aktuelle Situation in Österreich (2013)
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- Abstract
- Der Beitrag zeichnet ein aktuelles Bild der inhaltlichen Erschließung im Österreichischen Verbundkatalog, insbesondere in quantitativer Hinsicht. Um den Entwicklungsverlauf zu illustrieren, werden dazu Daten von 2005 bis 2013 präsentiert. Im Detail geht es um die verbale Sacherschließung durch RSWKbasierte Schlagwortfolgen und englischsprachige Subject Headings, sowie die klassifikatorische Erschließung mittels Basisklassifikation, Dewey Dezimalklassifikation und Regensburger Verbundklassifikation. Im Zusammenhang mit der Basisklassifikation wird auch von Anreicherungsprojekten mittels Konkordanzen und Datenübernahmen berichtet. Ausserdem werden Neuerungen bei der Suche und Anzeige klassifikatorischer Sacherschließungselemente in den Rechercheinstrumenten des Verbundes dargestellt.
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 66(2013) H.2, S.231-249
-
Bellamy, L.M.; Bickham, L.: Thesaurus development for subject cataloging (1989)
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- Abstract
- The biomedical book collection in the Genetech Library and Information Services was first inventoried and cataloged in 1983 when it totaled about 2000 titles. Cataloging records were retrieved from the OCLC system and used as a basis for cataloging. A year of cataloging produced a list of 1900 subject terms. More than one term describing the same concept often appears on the list, and no hierarchical structure related the terms to one another. As the collection grew, the subject catalog became increasingly inconsistent. To bring consistency to subject cataloging, a thesaurus of biomedical terms was constructed using the list of subject headings as a basis. This thesaurus follows the broad categories of the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and, with some exceptions, the Guidelines for the Establishment and Development of Monolingual Thesauri. It has enabled the cataloger in providing greater in-depth subject analysis of materials added to the collection and in consistently assigning subject headings to cataloging record.
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Feldman, S.: Web search services in 1998 : trends and challenges (1998)
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- Abstract
- Compares the features and performance of 6 Web search engines: AltaVista, Excite, HotBot, Infoseek, Lycos and Northern Light; 2 metasearch engines: Savvy Search and Inference Find; and the question answering system Ask Jeeves. Results of a standard set of 10 questions posed to each service show little overlap between search engines, so it is important to use more than one Web search engine if a comprehensive search is needed. Discusses technology trends and makes recommendations for Web searching. More and better information has become available on the Web in 1998 and each major search engine is developing a niche market and its own personality
-
Jacobs, J.-H.; Mengel, T.; Müller, K.: Insights and Outlooks : a retrospective view on the CrissCross project (2011)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses goals, methods and benefits of the conceptual mapping approach developed by the CrissCross project, in the framework of which the topical headings of the German subject headings authority file Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) have been mapped to notations of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Projectspecific retrieval concepts for improving thematic access in heterogeneous information spaces are outlined and explained on the basis of significant examples.
- Series
- Bibliotheca Academica - Reihe Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaften; Bd. 1
-
Schadlich, T.: Changing from Sears to LC Subject Headings (1980)
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- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
-
Studwell, W.E.: Retrieving LC Subject Headings : long chains versus an increased number of headings (1989)
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-
Sears' List of Subject Headings : Canadian companion (1992)
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- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings