Search (13437 results, page 3 of 672)

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Abstract

Reports on a study which aimed to determine the extent to which cataloguing can be reduced when cataloguing a book for a single screen minicat results from a search using the surname of the author of the book. The results show that the percentage of books having personal authors that are catalogued in a research library that will become entries in a 1 screen minicat is 35.6 when searched. Library could significantly reduce cataloguing expenditures by simplifying cataloguing nearly 2/5s of the time

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Abstract

The study explains the perceived differences in retrieval patterns between the on-line PAIS (Public Affairs Information Services) data base on DIALOG (File 49) and PAIS on CD-ROM. Describes the search strategies applied to the 2 data bases and the result obtained. Concludes that if users can bring to PAIS on CD-ROM search expertise gained elsewhere, then, in the Expert mode, having gained sufficient undestanding of specific search techniques and file structure, the motivated searcher can achieve results equivalent to the results of searching PAIS on DIALOG

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Abstract

Discusses different types of quality problems having their roots in the Internet and some possible solutions. Gives a provisional definition of WWW information quality. Presents some of the findings from an empirical survey of Danish academic and business users of the Internet. Concludes that only natural intelligence will be able to cope with the enormous task of filtering and distilling usable and useful information needles from the Internet haystack. Development of new and more efficient tools for the retrieval of quality information is extremely urgent

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Abstract

Describes the development of a Web Library Guide at Birmingham University, UK. Having developed a hypertext guide using Asymetrix Toolbook which gave guidance to users on the subjects and services available in the main library of the university, the information was repackaged for loading on to the WWW. Outlines the reasons for this move, explains the process of the transposition, and suggests future possibilities for the project

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Abstract

Considers cost and value issues of information, which are increasingly becoming the concern of a wide range of professions in addition to information and records managers. Explores a variety of ways of valuing information, 2 of which are based on its availability or proximity and the effect of possessing the information. Concludes that whilst putting a price or value on information is very difficult, there must be a value to it, as the effect of not having it can readily be observed

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Abstract

Archival records having a common creator are described collectively in finding aids known as inventories, which like archival collections themselves are arranged by file series. Collection level MARC records direct users not to individual documents, but to finding aids. Repositories may also develop other tools to describe their holdings such as automated in-house indexes, subject specific lists, and published guides. In the near future, MARC records and finding aids should be linked electronically, with both available through searchable databases on the Internet

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Abstract

The environment in which libraries everywhere in the developed world operate is undergoing massive changes, most of them driven or influenced by information technology. Discusses 2 trends that are having a fundamental impact on libraries: lifelong learning and the shift from teaching to learning. Presents concepts of academic and public libraries of the future, where culture, learning and research will be fostered, and where most of the competencies of librarians and information professionals will become more rather than less needed, because information handling skills will be of prime importance

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Abstract

Godert notes that, having survived a period where we were drowning in information, we seem to be in a period where we are happily surfing the Internet. This communication considers the social implications of this change in fundamental metaphors about our relationship to information. It is first proposed that, though a paradigm shift has not occured, the significance of the change should not be minimized. The similarities and differences between surfing and drowning are then considered. Questions suggested by these similarities and differences are offered for consideration

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Abstract

Describes the introduction, by SilverPlatter Information Inc., of SilverLinker: a database technology that creates a link between the bibliographic record directly to the electronic version of that article on the WWW. SilverPlatter have also reached agreement with a BIOSIS to make a range of their databases available online via the WWW. Users will be able to search BIOSIS databases without having to load the CD-ROMs on site or via networks

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Abstract

Linking library catalogues to external databases can mean that records for items not owned by the library are indexed. Careful collection development means that the items available in the library are those that best suite the needs of the user community. External databases should be chosen which best suit the user needs, but inevitably they will contain sosme records not directly related to them. Having these records available will enable users to locate materials not available in the library, but which may be relevant

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Abstract

Computers are having a tremendous impact on chemical research and the teaching of chemistry. This situation in turn is fostering advances in chemical information science and technology (chemical informatics). Technological changes have caused re-examination of the programme to train chemical information specialists at Indiana University, resulting in the modification of existing courses and the creation of new courses and degree options. Describes plans for their implementation and for the establishment of joint industry-academic research projects

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Abstract

Examines in detail the author cataloguing practices adopted by the Italian National Library Service, as set out in its 1995 Cataloguing Guide (Guida SBN), and discusses how far these practices accord with the standard 1979 RICA author cataloguing rules. Since the author headings prescribed by RICA include personal names, corporate names and titles, this survey looks at all such SBN catalogue entries having an access point function. Presents many examples of standard and variant forms of heading, and reviews control procedures

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Abstract

The basic definitions and properties of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) are introduced in the book. The IFSs are substantial extensions of the ordinary fuzzy sets. IFSs are objects having degrees of membership and of non-membership, such that their sum is exactly 1. The most important property of IFS not shared by the fuzzy sets is that modal-like operatores can be defined over IFSs

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Abstract

The libraries of more and more universities and research institutions have local digital repositories, and the amount of material is increasing every day. Users need an integrated retrieval interface that allows aggregated searching across multiple document servers without having to resort to manual processes. ProPrint offers an on-demand print service within Germany for over 2,000 monographs and 1,000 journals. Partners worldwide are now invited to join.

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Abstract

Having reached the US Supreme Court in 1997, the Communications Decency Act (1996) has strong implications for Internet service providers. How to protect children while not denying adult rights of access is an issue which has impacted successively upon motion pictures, reading materials, radio, television and cable. The case for freedom of electronic speech appears compelling. The problems of obscenity, encryption (cryptography) and provocative 'cyberspeech' on the Internet offers a field day for litigation

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Abstract

Daghestanian languages are traditionally described as having a distinct experiencer, or affective, construction used with experiencer verbs, with the experiencer in an oblique case (dative, locative, affective, etc.) and the stimulus in the absolutive. This paper explores the basic morphological and syntactic features of this experiencer construction in a broad sample of these languages.

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Abstract

Bericht über: Levels of Reality, Seminar, Bolzano (Bozen) Italy, 26-28 September 2007: Ontologies, the knowledge organization systems now widely used in knowledge management applications, take their name from a branch of philosophy. Philosophical ontology deals with the kinds and the properties of what exists, and with how they can be described by categories like entity, attribute, or process. Readers familiar with facet analysis will notice some analogy with the "fundamental categories" of faceted classifications, and this resemblance is not accidental. Indeed, knowledge organization systems use conceptual structures that can be variously reconnected with the categories of ontology. Though having more practical purposes, the ontologies and classifications of information science can benefit of those of philosophy.
Darin: "However, John Sowa (Vivomind, USA) argued in his speech that the formalized approach, already undertaken by the pioneering project Cyc now having run for 23 years, is not the best way to analyze complex systems. People don't really use axioms in their cognitive processes (even mathematicians first get an idea intuitively, then work on axioms and proofs only at the moment of writing papers). To map between different ontologies, the Vivomind Analogy Engine throws axioms out, and searches instead for analogies in their structures. Analogy is a pragmatic human faculty using a combination of the three logical procedures of deduction, induction, and abduction. Guarino comments that people can communicate without need of axioms as they share a common context, but in order to teach computers how to operate, the requirements are different: he would not trust an airport control system working by analogy."

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Abstract

A survey of 4,032 youth in grades 5 through 12 was conducted to determine the impact youth's use of the Internet was having on their use of the public library. Results indicated that 100% of the youth had access to the Internet from one or more locations, and that although one quarter of the youth accessed the Internet at the public library, the public library was the least frequently used source of Internet access. For youth without Internet access at home, the public library was also the least used alternate source of access. Approximately 69% of the youth reported that they had visited a public library during the school year. Having Internet access at home did not affect whether or not youth visited the library however, Internet access at home appears to have affected the frequency with which youth visit the library. Youth without Internet access at home visited the library more frequently, whereas youth with Internet access at home visited the library less frequently. Use of the Internet also appeared to have diminished youth's need to use the public library as a source of personal information however, use of the Internet appeared not to have affected their use of the public library for school work or for recreation. Among youth, use of both the Internet and the public library appear to be complementary activities.

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Abstract

Classical test theory offers theoretically derived reliability measures such as Cronbach's alpha, which can be applied to measure the reliability of a set of Information Retrieval test results. The theory also supports item analysis, which identifies queries that are hampering the test's reliability, and which may be candidates for refinement or removal. A generalization of Classical Test Theory, called Generalizability Theory, provides an even richer set of tools. It allows us to estimate the reliability of a test as a function of the number of queries, assessors (relevance judges), and other aspects of the test's design. One novel aspect of Generalizability Theory is that it allows this estimation of reliability even before the test collection exists, based purely on the numbers of queries and assessors that it will contain. These calculations can help test designers in advance, by allowing them to compare the reliability of test designs with various numbers of queries and relevance assessors, and to spend their limited budgets on a design that maximizes reliability. Empirical analysis shows that in cases for which our data is representative, having more queries is more helpful for reliability than having more assessors. It also suggests that reliability may be improved with a per-document performance measure, as opposed to a document-set based performance measure, where appropriate. The theory also clarifies the implicit debate in IR literature regarding the nature of error in relevance judgments.

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Abstract

Four subjects - ecology, applied mathematics, sociology, and economics - were selected to assess whether there is a citation advantage between journal articles that have an open-access (OA) version on the Internet compared to those articles that are exclusively toll access (TA). Citations were counted using the Web of Science, and the OA status of articles was determined by searching OAIster, OpenDOAR, Google, and Google Scholar. Of a sample of 4,633 articles examined, 2,280 (49%) were OA and had a mean citation count of 9.04 whereas the mean for TA articles was 5.76. There appears to be a clear citation advantage for those articles that are OA as opposed to those that are TA. This advantage, however, varies between disciplines, with sociology having the highest citation advantage, but the lowest number of OA articles, from the sample taken, and ecology having the highest individual citation count for OA articles, but the smallest citation advantage. Tests of correlation or association between OA status and a number of variables were generally found to weak or inconsistent. The cause of this citation advantage has not been determined.