Search (13355 results, page 7 of 668)

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Abstract

Reviews Idealist for Windows from Blackwell Scientific costing 295 pounds. Idealist is a database management system that handles text. Its features include an inverted file structure to allow rapid retrieval by any word in the text, contextual searching and variable length fields. It is very flexible and handles unstructured records as well. It is able to handle structured records with specific fields. The full Windows version can contain up to 16.000 records per database. The Windows NT version for 32 bit machines will cope with 1 million records per database

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Abstract

Proposes a new approach to shape similarity-based retrieval. The approach is flexible enough to handle query images with overlapping or touching parts. A shape is represented by a set of boundary components, called features. Each structural feature is encoded as point in multidimensional space. A similar or identical structural component (or shape) can be found by organizing the data in any multidimensional point access index structure. A prototype system is described. Some experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique

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Abstract

Describes the Mosaic software, an Internet resource locator and navigator, developed at the University of Illinois, National Center for Supercomputing in 1993. Discusses its relationship to World Wide Web, its use in a Windows environment, its flexibility for the receipt of multimedia documents, and its ability to handle virtually any data type. Gives full instructions for obtaining Mosaic, which is public domain software, using FTP

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Abstract

Describes the value of using bibliographic management software to handle the process of downloading of references from online or CD-ROM databases. 3 critical tasks are involved: building the database of references to periodical articles, books or similar materials; searching the database created; and generating a list of selected items from the database. Illustrates the main downloading features of 4 popular software packages: Reference Manager; Papyrus; Library Master; and Pro-Cite

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Abstract

Reviews ZyINDEX 5.0 for Windows, which allows the user to search for words in a document or documents, and can search across many document formats - ASCII word processors, dBase 3 and dBase 4, and most popular word processors such as WordPerfect, MS Word and Write. Concludes that it is well worth the cost ($ 395 for a single user) for anyone with large amounts of data to which they need quick access. Although it takes time to build the index, once it it built, searching is very fast. ZyINDEX's ability to handle complex searches is another of its strong points

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Abstract

An electronic corporate information repository should be a multimedia document which handle information files as abject, independent of types, in an object repository. Multiple representations of each piece of information should be kept. This approach unifies the advantages of proprietary source formats and industry standard formats, while delivering portability to diverse platforms and maintaining the functionality of source applications

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Abstract

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network hypertext program developed at CERN. Mosaic is a graphical interface to text, sound and images from the Internet. By the end of 1994 it will be able to handle interactive froms and hot spots on images and will be backwards compatible with HTML files. Describes how to access a WWW site through Mosaic; Uniform Resource Locators, browsing and building a set of WWW destinations, content, speed of use, the number of WWW servers, graphics formats; the future of WWW, and contacts for more information

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Abstract

Describes a project conducted by OCLC's Office of Research to investigate problems in cataloguing Internet resources using AACR2R and the computer files format. The project concluded that, with some modifications, the computer files format and AACR2R Chapter 9 would be able to handle Internet resources. Outlines recommendations for changes to cataloguing rules, changes to USMARC and guidelines to be used in cataloguing. The definitions of a wholly new USMARC field, the 856, for 'Electronic Access and Location' was approved by MARBI

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Abstract

Views assessment of costs of electronic reference resources in a general descriptive framework and within the context of a specific model for costing of library operations and services, The Library Costing Model (LCM). Describes the framework and describes LCM as a means for analyzing costs within it. Discusses the effects of automation upon costs of library operations and discusses possible changes in LCM so as better to handle electronic resources within it

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Abstract

Discusses the advantages of using a mixed HTML/SGML data model for the WWW. The Grif Symposia has developed an integrated authoring browsing environment with full extensible capabilities to handle mixed HTML/SGML data models. Presents the different layers developed for the Grif Symposia and highlights the advantages of authoring in a mixed SGML/HTML environment

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Abstract

The SAFARI project at the University of Northumbria has investigated the problems of automatic analysis and retrieval of line drawings such as engineering drawings. Describes current work in extending SAFARI to a wider range of images in order to handle the library of trademarks held at the Patent Office's Trade Marks Registry. Discusses boundary extraction and description; boundary redrawing rules; and extracted shape features

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Abstract

Reviews PsycLIT from the American Psychological Association on the KnowledgeFinder CD-ROM version from the Aries Systemc Corporation. Focuses on its natural language search capability which can handle informal queries. Searches can be optimised for precisiion and recall using a slide bar, and the number of results may be maximised. The search system work by multilayered, weighted scoring of each term in the records. It assigns scores based on the frequency and position of the terms in the records and the uniqueness of the terms in the entire database

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Abstract

Explains how 5 Internet search engines (AltaVista, HotBot, InfoSeek, Lycos, and Yahoo) handle field searching. Includes a chart which identifies where on a search engine's page a particular field is searched and the prefix syntax used, and gives examples. Details the individual fields that can be searched: data, title, URL, images, audiovideo and other page content, links and page depth

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Abstract

We propose a novel approach to incorporate term similarity and inverse document frequency into a logical model of information retrieval. The ability of the logic to handle expressive representations along with the use of such classical notions are promising characteristics for IR systems. The approach proposed here has been efficiently implemented and experiments against test collections are presented.

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Abstract

Non-music sound recordings are a unique and often overlooked format with special characteristics that need to be considered in terms of bibliographic control and access. This article is intended to aid those catalogers who don't normally handle such formats by providing both a list of recommended tools and practical advice on all areas of the bibliographic record.

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Abstract

This paper deals with problems encountered in applying AACR2 as interpreted by the Library of Congress to Hebrew and Yiddish personal names. It also discusses some problems relating to the romanization of such names and proposes some solutions. A plea is made for the eventual development of the capability to handle vernacular records for non-Roman languages in machine-readable form.

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Abstract

The Canadian federal government's version of the DOBIS database, and the operation of the Canadian Union Catalogue as a subset of that database, are explained. DOBIS' versatility stems from its ability to handle bibliographic records of varying levels of fullness and definition within a shared file. The Union Catalogue's experience with minimal level records as contributions to DOBIS is detailed.

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Abstract

A description of a FRBR implementation by VTLS Inc. The basic cataloging and searching functions are described, followed by a description of how VTLS has extended FRBR to handle recursive, or related, works and aggregates. The benefits to the requesting function of the Circulation subsystem are also provided.

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Source

New directions for teaching and learning, 2008, no.114, p.47-61 [https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/62405]

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Content

"Kaum etwas hat den Umgang mit dem Wissen der Welt so verändert wie Wikipedia. Die von Tausenden von freiwilligen Helfern erstellte Online-Enzyklopädie ist eine ein Jahrzehnt währende Erfolgsstory - ganz besonders in Deutschland. Mit rund 1,2 Millionen Artikeln ist die deutsche nach der englischen die zweitgrößte Wikipedia-Ausgabe. Laut der aktuellen Online Studie von ARD und ZDF haben fast 36 Millionen Deutsche schon einmal etwas im Internet nachgeschlagen. Fast drei Viertel der Internetnutzer ab 14 Jahren schauen zumindest ab und an mal bei Wikipedia vorbei. Wikipedia ist zu einem Giganten geworden, die Menge an Informationen ist unüberschaubar. Genau das wird immer mehr zu einem Problem. Nutzer, die nur eben mal kurz etwas nachschlagen wollen, sind häufig ernüchtert. In manchen Themenbereichen liest sich Wikipedia nicht mehr wie ein Volkslexikon, sondern wie eine in bestem Fachchinesisch verfasste Doktorarbeit. Ein Beispiel dafür ist der Artikel über den "Goldenen Schnitt". Dass sich dabei der größere Abschnitt einer Strecke zu dieser verhält wie der kleinere Abschnitt zum größeren, erklärt das gedruckte Meyers Taschenlexikon in zwei Sätzen. Wikipedia-Nutzer sehen sich einer Fülle von Formeln, Schaubildern und Diagrammen gegenüber. Einem Schüler, der sich über die Rolle des Goldenen Schnitts in der bildenden Kunst informieren möchte, schwirrt da bald der Kopf. Und im Abschnitt "Bildkomposition" er schließlich endgültig verunsichert. Weil der Artikel nicht hinreichend mit Belegen ausgestattet sei, würden einige Angaben möglicherweise demnächst entfernt. Eine zuverlässige Informationsquelle sieht anders aus.
"Kann es sein, dass sich hier die reinen Fachidioten tummeln?", fragt ein Nutzer. "Warum schreibt hier niemand etwas davon, worum es wirklich geht?" Auf der zu jedem Artikel gehörenden Diskussionsseite wird mühsam um jeden einzelnen Satz gerungen. Welche Informationen sind wirklich wichtig? Gibt es dafür ausreichende Belege? Warum wurde ein bestimmter Absatz gelöscht und dafür ein anderer eingefügt? Und wer bestimmt überhaupt, was wissenswert ist und was nicht? Vollends unübersichtlich wird es, wenn abweichende Meinungen unversöhnlich aufeinanderprallen. So umfasst die Diskussion um die wissenschaftliche Belegbarkeit der Homöopathie mittlerweile 1,3 Millionen Wörter. Mit 11.400 Einzelbeiträgen, so erfährt der Nutzer auf der betreffenden Seite, handle es sich um die längste Diskussion über einen Artikel in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia. Allein für das Lesen benötige man ohne Pausen etwa 143 Stunden. Kein Wunder, dass vielen potenziellen Mitarbeitern solche Grabenkämpfe auf Dauer zu anstrengend sind. Gerade einmal drei Prozent der Nutzer haben schon einmal selbst Artikel verfasst oder fremde überarbeitet. Der Anteil weiblicher Helfer hinkt dem der männlichen seit Jahren dramatisch hinterher. Dass viele Autoren bereits nach wenigen Beiträgen wieder im Heer der inaktiven Nutzer untertauchen, ist mittlerweile sogar Gegenstand einer internen Befragung.
Nicht wenige von denen, die aus Frust nicht mehr dabei sind, machen dafür die Administratoren verantwortlich. Derzeit rund 300 "Admins" wurden von der Wikipedia-Gemeinschaft mit weiter gehenden Rechten ausgestattet, als sie der normale Nutzer hat. Um die Informationsflut einigermaßen zu kanalisieren, haben sich einige von ihnen recht rustikale Umgangsformen angewöhnt. Inhaltliche Auseinandersetzungen werden mit harten Bandagen und oft fragwürdiger Wortwahl ausgetragen. Wer die Relevanz eines von ihm verfassten Artikels nicht nachweisen kann, muss mit der Löschung des gesamten Beitrags rechnen. Wer dagegen Einspruch erhebt, wird barsch abgebügelt: Ganz Uneinsichtige müssen gar mit einer dauerhaften Sperrung rechnen: Das allgemeine Arbeitsklima und die Art und Weise, wie hier mit Leuten umgesprungen wird, ist absolut beklagenswert", sagt Dr. Klaus Graf, Historiker und Archivar an der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule in Aachen und seit 2004 aktiver Mitarbeiter an der Online-Enzyklopädie. Viele der Admins beherrschten die einfachsten Grundregeln im Umgang mit Menschen nicht. "Diese Leute leben bei Wikipedia ihre Allmachtsfantasien aus und glauben, sich alles herausnehmen zu können." Offenbar können sie das auch. "Als einfacher Nutzer", so Graf, "ist man vollkommen rechtlos und steht am Ende immer auf der Seite der Verlierer." Denn das Schiedsgericht, das man als letzte Instanz aufrufen kann, sei keineswegs neutral, sondern stehe fast immer geschlossen hinter den Admins, die sich wie "Oberlehrer" und "Blockwarte" gerierten.
Das strukturelle Ungleichgewicht führt letztlich auch zu einem inhaltlichen. So strotzt Wikipedia geradezu vor Detailwissen zu historischen und modernen Kriegsschiffen - inklusive seitenlang ausgebreiteter technischer Details. Kultur- und Bildungseinrichtungen landen hingegen ziemlich schnell als "irrelevant" auf der Liste der "Löschkandidaten". Nach einer siebentägigen "Löschdiskussion" verschwinden sie im digitalen Orkus - inklusive der von den Autoren investierten Arbeitsstunden. "Wir mischen uns grundsätzlich nicht in redaktionelle Vorgänge ein", kommentiert Catrin Schoneville vom Förderverein Wikimedia Deutschland die Klagen enttäuschter Mitarbeiter. Selbstgerechtigkeit und rüpelhaftes Verhalten seien zudem keine auf Wikipedia beschränkte Phänomene, sondern ein Problem bei Diskussionen mit unterschiedlichen Auffassung überall im Internet. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Autoren arbeite einfach mit und befasse sich nicht mit den Vorwürfen und der Nörgelei, die "immer wieder von dem gleichen kleinen Kreis von Kritikern geäußert würden. Auch ein Nachwuchsproblem sieht die Wikimedia-Sprecherin nicht: "Wir haben derzeit rund 7000 aktive Autoren in der deutschsprachigen Community. Bei einem freiwilligen Projekt liegt es in der Natur der Sache, dass das Engagement, mit dem sich jeder einzelne einbringt, variiert."
Dennoch bemühe man sich, mit Förderprojekten und Workshops für mehr Motivation zu sorgen und neue Zielgruppen zu erschließen. So werde das Mentorenprogramm, in dessen Rahmen man sich von erfahrenen Autoren bei den ersten Schritten in der Wikipedia-Welt begleitet lassen kann, schon von 90 Prozent der Neueinsteiger angenommen. Stolz ist man bei Wikimedia auf das Projekt "Silberwissen", mit dem vor allem ältere Menschen angesprochen werden sollen. "Das Wissen älterer Generationen könnte Wikipedia bereichern und neue Perspektiven eröffnen", hofft Schoneville. Vielleicht wirkt sich diese Lebenserfahrung ja irgendwann einmal auch auf die in der Wikipedia-Gemeinde herrschenden Umgangsformen aus. Zu wünschen wäre es. Schließlich, und da sind sich ausnahmsweise einmal alle Beteiligten einig, gibt es zu Wikipedia mit seinen beinahe konkurrenz- weil kostenlosen Angeboten derzeit kaum echte Alternativen."