Search (13152 results, page 1 of 658)

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Abstract

Bericht über ein Hearing am 30.11.2001 in Berlin

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 53(2002) H.2, S.102-104

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Abstract

Bericht über ein Hearing in der Deutschen Bibliothek zur Frage des Sammelauftrages für die verschiedenen Medien

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Abstract

Reports the hearing on libraries and their role in the information infrastructure held by the Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities on 19 Apr 1994 and timed to coincide with National Library Week and Legislative Day. Contributions highlighted the degree to which library services in libraries throughout the USA are enhanced by electronic data transmission and the urgent need on the part of libraries for support from federal government with funding their policies

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Abstract

Der Zugang zu Informationen des öffentlichen Sektors ist seit den 80er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts ein Thema, das die Europäische Kommission und nationale Regierungen beschäftigte. Die rasante Durchdringung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft mit informationstechnischen Einrichtungen hat seine Bedeutung wachsen lassen. Aufgrund leerer öffentlicher Kassen wächst das Interesse daran auch unter den beiden Gesichtspunkten Einsparung von Personal für Recherchen und Auskünfte in der öffentlichen Verwaltung sowie Vermarktung von Informationen des öffentlichen Sektors, und dies nicht nur auf der nationalen, sondern auch auf der internationalen Bühne. Dies wurde beispielsweise durch die explizite Aufnahme dieses Themas in das Europäische INFO 2000-Programm von 1996 deutlich, in dein der Zugang zu und zum ersten Mal auch die Vermarktung von Informationen des öffentlichen Sektors, eine wichtige Aktionslinie wurden. Im Rahmen dieses Programms stellte die Kommission Mitte 1996 den ersten Entwurf des Grünbuches zum Thema Informationen des öffentlichen Sektors fertig Anfang 1999 wurde es dann nach vielen Überarbeitungen veröffentlicht. Behandelt werden vorrangig Fragen des Datenschutzes, des Urheberrechts, der Haftung, der Zugangsrechte und der Vermarktung. Es folgte eine breite öffentliche Diskussion. Zwei von insgesamt 14 Diskussionsveranstaltungen fanden im Mai 1999 in Deutschland statt. Am 25. Mai gab es in Brüssel ein öffentliches Hearing, an dem etwa zweihundert Interessierte aus ganz Europa teilnahmen, die Hälfte davon aus Belgien, nur sieben aus Deutschland. Ferner sammelte die Kommission bis Oktober 1999 schriftliche Stellungnahmen, die größtenteils auch im WWW zugänglich sind (http://156.169.50.95:10080/info2000/en/publicsector/gp_comments.html). Aus Deutschland kamen insgesamt fünfzehn Beiträge, neben Privatpersonen und Anwaltskanzleien u.a. vorn Verband Deutscher Zeitschriftenverleger, den Ländern Brandenburg und Rheinland-Pfalz, dem Deutschen Dachverband für Geoinformation, der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Länder (AdV) sowie ARD und ZDF

Series

Gemeinsamer Kongress der Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Bibliotheksverbände e.V. (BDB) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. (DGI); Bd.1)(Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V.; Bd.3

Source

Information und Öffentlichkeit: 1. Gemeinsamer Kongress der Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Bibliotheksverbände e.V. (BDB) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. (DGI), Leipzig, 20.-23.3.2000. Zugleich 90. Deutscher Bibliothekartag, 52. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. (DGI). Hrsg.: G. Ruppelt u. H. Neißer

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Abstract

In April 93 the Cheshire Library Service and the Cheshire Deaf society, UK began collaboration on a project to satisfy the information needs of deaf and hard of hearing people. Describes the aims and objectives of the project, the Carnegie Bulletin Board, the installation of personal computers, the use of videophone technology, deaf awreness trainig, the video lending service for the deaf, the input of the National Captioning Institute, and a survey of user needs

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Abstract

Derivative bibliographic relationships are the primary relationships that exist among the members of a bibliographic family--the set of interrelated works where the relationships among entities express shared semantic or linguistic activity. Derivative bibliographic relationships exist between any new conception of a work and its original source (the progenitor), or its successor, or both. Discipline was a poor predictor of derivative relationships in prior studies of derivative bibliographic relationships. For the present study random samples of works were drawn from the catalogs of the Bobst Library, New York University, and the Burke Library, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Two sites were chosen to allow a test of the differences in collection development patterns between a university research library and a theological library. Bibliographic families were compiled for each work. Results indicate: 1) derivative bibliographic relationships exist for somewhere between one-half and two-thirds of theological works in this study; 2) there is little difference in proportions of derivative bibliographic relationships or in the size of bibliographic families between the two collections; 3) there is a positive correlation between the age of the progenitor work and the size of the bibliographic family); 4) there are significant gaps in coverage of theological bibliographic families online; 5) there is some evidence of differing patterns of derivation between Judaic and Islamic literature and Christian literature; 5) forms and genres are useful in a limited way for predicting the incidence of derivative relationships in theological literature

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Abstract

Passage of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was a significant milestone in congressional information policy legislation. However, the results were widely criticized in some circles as providing too much Power to certain stakeholder groups. This paper uses computerbased content analysis and a theoretical taxonomy of information policy values to analyze congressional hearing testimony. The results of document coding were then analyzed using a variety of statistical tools to map how different stakeholders framed issues in the debate and determine if congressional value statements about the legislation conformed more closely to certain stakeholders. Results of the analysis indicate that significant differences in the use of information policy terms occurred across stakeholders, and showed varying degrees of convergence between congressional or other stakeholders when framing information policy issues.

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Abstract

Understanding and modeling human experience and emotional response when listening to music are important for better understanding of the stylistic choices in musical composition. In this work, we explore the relation of audio signal structure to human perceptual and emotional reactions. Memory, repetition, and anticipatory structure have been suggested as some of the major factors in music that might influence and possibly shape these responses. The audio analysis was conducted on two recordings of an extended contemporary musical composition by one of the authors. Signal properties were analyzed using statistical analyses of signal similarities over time and information theoretic measures of signal redundancy. They were then compared to Familiarity Rating and Emotional Force profiles, as recorded continually by listeners hearing the two versions of the piece in a live-concert setting. The analysis shows strong evidence that signal properties and human reactions are related, suggesting applications of these techniques to music understanding and music information-retrieval systems.

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Abstract

Collection development theory has generally neglected issues of fairness in the treatment of materials dealing with politics, religion, and other controversial subjects. The communication theory of Jurgen Habermas is proposed as a basis for a rational policy, and for dealing with difficult cases. It is suggested that as ideological conflict becomes less important in the relations between religious groups, it will be more acceptable for libraries to serve the particular religious interest of specific communities, rather than to treat religions as interest groups that, like political parties, should get "equal time" at all libraries. It is further argued that religious fundamentalism and "creation science" are not entitled in the library to "equal time" with science, since our society has made a provisional decision that such questions are most appropriately answered by conventional science. When the status of science is itself the issue, however, its critics from religion and elsewhere are entitled to a respectful and equitable hearing.

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Abstract

Analyzing social media has become a common way for capturing and understanding people's opinions, sentiments, interests, and reactions to ongoing events. Social media has thus become a rich and real-time source for various kinds of public opinion and sentiment studies. According to psychology and neuroscience, human emotions are known to be strongly dependent on sensory perceptions. Although sensation is the most fundamental antecedent of human emotions, prior works have not looked into their relation to emotions based on social media texts. In this paper, we report the results of our study on sensation effects that underlie human emotions as revealed in social media. We focus on the key five types of sensations: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. We first establish a correlation between emotion and sensation in terms of linguistic expressions. Then, in the second part of the paper, we define novel features useful for extracting sensation information from social media. Finally, we design a method to classify texts into ones associated with different types of sensations. The sensation dataset resulting from this research is opened to the public to foster further studies.

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Abstract

From one of the most original and influential neuroscientists at work today, here is an exploration of consciousness unlike any other-as told by Galileo, who opened the way for the objectivity of science and is now intent on making subjective experience a part of science as well. Giulio Tononi is one of the most creative and the most influential neurologists in the world nowadays. Tononis way of exploring consciousness is different from those of the others, which is that his course of exploring consciousness is narrated by Galileo who used to pave the way for the objectivity of science and devoted himself to making subjective experience a part of science in the book Phi:a Voyage from the Brain to the Soul. Galileo's journey has three parts, each with a different guide. In the first, accompanied by a scientist who resembles Francis Crick, he learns why certain parts of the brain are important and not others, and why consciousness fades with sleep. In the second part, when his companion seems to be named Alturi (Galileo is hard of hearing; his companion's name is actually Alan Turing), he sees how the facts assembled in the first part can be unified and understood through a scientific theory-a theory that links consciousness to the notion of integrated information (also known as phi). In the third part, accompanied by a bearded man who can only be Charles Darwin, he meditates on how consciousness is an evolving, developing, ever-deepening awareness of ourselves in history and culture-that it is everything we have and everything we are. Not since Gödel, Escher, Bach has there been a book that interweaves science, art, and the imagination with such originality. This beautiful and arresting narrative will transform the way we think of ourselves and the world.

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Abstract

This past year has seen an unprecedented wave of censorship, and overzealous law enforcement has swept through the online world. This paper attempts to look at this growing phenomenon from a rhetorical viewpoint by seeking to answer the following question: How is rhetoric deployed to support a partisan value? After a literature review concerning media and value, policy and pornography, and rhetoric and politics, the method of study was discussed. This consisted of downloading the text of the Supreme Court hearing of the ACLU v. Reno case. This transcript was analyzed and found several metaphors used by the government defense in trying to support its view. These were revealed in the results and examined in the discussion section. Findings were discussion according to exact wording: KNOWING, reference to immediate authority: PARENTS, defending definitions: FREE SPACE, and attacking the previous battle: "THEY DIDN'T . . .". Finally, a review of what was discovered along with what this study presented for further research was revealed. The author then encouraged researchers, as well as those in politics, to be aware of how words are used to support and sway the public and legal system. Also, that we need to constantly be on guard to protect our right to speak through whatever medium we deem necessary. The Internet is an impressive medium for communications, research, entertainment and commercial agencies. The number of Internet users over the age of 16 in the U.S. and Canada has reached 79 million. Also, for the first time, more than 50 percent of the population between the ages of 16 and 34 are Internet users, which comes to around 40 million individuals (McPhee & Coyle, 1998). With this growth comes the good and the bad of society. Pornography, to some a good thing and others a bad item, has accumulated phenomenal success on the Internet. It is this question, is it good or bad, that has sparked a continuous debate among politicians and practitioners. It is this arena that this study endeavors to consider. The legal battles between the online providers of pornographic material and the legal authorities along with those that would want to keep such material out of their lives have been in the courts over the past two years. In these battles, words have been used to sway judges toward certain lines of thought. It is this battle with words that this author seeks to study. How are words being used in the defense of policies that are ultimately considered unconstitutional? In particular, are politicians trying to influence the courts to support a biased agenda? This paper will try to answer this question in the following manner. First a literature review will be given considering the role of media in value making, a brief report of how the discussion of pornography has been played out in the court system, and then a look at rhetoric and the political voice. From there a brief discussion of the methodology the study will be given followed by a look at what was discovered in the analysis. The final section will consider what this means to policy makers and the public whom the policies effect. First, let us Consider what others have said concerning the areas of interest for this study

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Content

The 36th Allerton Institute, sponsored by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science was held at the University of Illinois Conference Center near Monticello, Illinois on October 23-25, 1994. The theme centered around new roles for library classification in the electronic age. Representatives of six of the world's most used library classifications presented papers and demonstrations to show how traditional uses for shelf arrangement will be expanded to include uses on the Internet, World Wide Web, Library homepages and in other networks. Several of these papers will be included in this issue of Cataloging & Classification Quarterly: Joan S. Mitchell for Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Ia Mcllwaine for the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), Eric Coates for both the Broad System of Ordering (BSO) and the Bliss Classification (BC). (Other issues of this journal will cover the National Library of Medicine and Library of Congress Classification.) An international trio of keynote addresses by Lois Chan, Ingetraut Dahlberg, and Pat Moholt faced the future and found several roles for library classification systems if they can match the growing need for organization of electronic resources. Several panels representing varying viewpoints was the vehicle for hearing from participants at the Allerton Conference. Some of these discussions were covered by student reporters and are included in this issue (Ann Marie Ziadie for the discussion of networks abroad; Shirley Lincicum for those discussing non-traditional uses of classification; and Brendan Wyly for those focusing on information networks). Janet Swan Hill's paper, included here, is representative of the panel of library administrators. The closing remarks by Marcia Bates and Sarah Thomas pointed to a dozen directional signals for those interested in a more meaningful role for library classification in the world of electronic information resources:

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Abstract

Consider a sentence such as "the current price of tea in China is 35 cents per pound." In a library with millions of books we might find many statements of the above form that we could capture today with relatively simple rules: rather than pursuing every variation of a statement, programs can wait, like predators at a water hole, for their informational prey to reappear in a standard linguistic pattern. We can make inferences from sentences such as "NAME1 born at NAME2 in DATE" that NAME more likely than not represents a person and NAME a place and then convert the statement into a proposition about a person born at a given place and time. The changing price of tea in China, pedestrian birth and death dates, or other basic statements may not be truth and beauty in the Phaedrus, but a digital library that could plot the prices of various commodities in different markets over time, plot the various lifetimes of individuals, or extract and classify many events would be very useful. Services such as the Syllabus Finder1 and H-Bot2 (which Dan Cohen describes elsewhere in this issue of D-Lib) represent examples of information extraction already in use. H-Bot, in particular, builds on our evolving ability to extract information from very large corpora such as the billions of web pages available through the Google API. Aside from identifying higher order statements, however, users also want to search and browse named entities: they want to read about "C. P. E. Bach" rather than his father "Johann Sebastian" or about "Cambridge, Maryland", without hearing about "Cambridge, Massachusetts", Cambridge in the UK or any of the other Cambridges scattered around the world. Named entity identification is a well-established area with an ongoing literature. The Natural Language Processing Research Group at the University of Sheffield has developed its open source Generalized Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) for years, while IBM's Unstructured Information Analysis and Search (UIMA) is "available as open source software to provide a common foundation for industry and academia." Powerful tools are thus freely available and more demanding users can draw upon published literature to develop their own systems. Major search engines such as Google and Yahoo also integrate increasingly sophisticated tools to categorize and identify places. The software resources are rich and expanding. The reference works on which these systems depend, however, are ill-suited for historical analysis. First, simple gazetteers and similar authority lists quickly grow too big for useful information extraction. They provide us with potential entities against which to match textual references, but existing electronic reference works assume that human readers can use their knowledge of geography and of the immediate context to pick the right Boston from the Bostons in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), but, with the crucial exception of geographic location, the TGN records do not provide any machine readable clues: we cannot tell which Bostons are large or small. If we are analyzing a document published in 1818, we cannot filter out those places that did not yet exist or that had different names: "Jefferson Davis" is not the name of a parish in Louisiana (tgn,2000880) or a county in Mississippi (tgn,2001118) until after the Civil War.

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Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 52(2001) und früher => nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis,

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Thesaurus Technik und Management ==> TEMA-Thesaurus

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Gesamtthesaurus Thesaurus Technik und Management ==> TEMA-Thesaurus

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Series

Philosophie und Geschichte der Wissenschaften; Bd.18

Source

Wirklichkeit und Wissen: Realismus, Antirealismus und Wirklichkeits-Konzeptionen in Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Hrsg.: H.J. Sandkühler

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BK

18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

Classification

ES 940 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Maschinelle Sprachanalyse
ET 400 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Allgemeines
ES 945 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Spracherkennung
ET 580 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Lexikologie (diachrone und synchrone) / Lexikographie
18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

RVK

ES 940 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Maschinelle Sprachanalyse
ET 400 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Allgemeines
ES 945 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Datenverarbeitung und Sprachwissenschaft. Computerlinguistik / Spracherkennung
ET 580 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Lexikologie (diachrone und synchrone) / Lexikographie

Series

Sprache und Information ; 33

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BK

17.03 / Theorie und Methoden der Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft
18.00 / Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

Classification

ER 720 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Einzelne Richtungen der Sprachtheorie
ER 610 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphilosophie (Primärliteratur der Sprachphilosophie; Sekundärliteratur s.o. bei Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft) / Wesen und Bedeutung der Sprache
ES 160 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphänomenologie / Allgemeines
ER 710 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Funktion der Sprache
ER 765 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Methodologie der Spachwissenschaft / Einzelmethoden, z.B. Informationsbefragung, Feldarbeit
ER 900 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachpsychologie. Psycholinguistik / Allgemeines
17.03 / Theorie und Methoden der Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft
18.00 / Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

RVK

ER 720 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Einzelne Richtungen der Sprachtheorie
ER 610 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphilosophie (Primärliteratur der Sprachphilosophie; Sekundärliteratur s.o. bei Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft) / Wesen und Bedeutung der Sprache
ES 160 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Spezialbereiche der allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachphänomenologie / Allgemeines
ER 710 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Funktion der Sprache
ER 765 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachtheorie. Theorien und Methoden der Sprachwissenschaft / Methodologie der Spachwissenschaft / Einzelmethoden, z.B. Informationsbefragung, Feldarbeit
ER 900 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachpsychologie. Psycholinguistik / Allgemeines

Series

Grundlagen der Kommunikation und Kognition